The Tethys Himalayan passive margin from Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous (South Tibet)

Jadoul, Flavio; Berra, Fabrizio; Garzanti, Eduardo

doi:10.1016/s0743-9547(98)00013-0

Cited by 121 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Cretaceous extension within Greater India has previously been inferred from sedimentary facies changes in the Tibetan Himalaya (17,18) and from lower Cretaceous (140-100 Ma) alkali-basaltic volcaniclastic sediments with a geochemistry interpreted to record intracontinental rifting (32,33). The 2;675 AE 700 km of N-S extension between 118 and 68 Ma, inferred from paleomagnetic data (Fig.…”

Section: Cretaceous Greater Indian N-s Extensionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Greater India Basin hypothesis and a two-stage Cenozoic collision between India and Asia

Hinsbergen

Lippert

Dupont‐Nivet

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

609

526

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Cenozoic convergence between the Indian and Asian plates produced the archetypical continental collision zone comprising the Himalaya mountain belt and the Tibetan Plateau. How and where India-Asia convergence was accommodated after collision at or before 52 Ma remains a long-standing controversy. Since 52 Ma, the two plates have converged up to 3,600 AE 35 km, yet the upper crustal shortening documented from the geological record of Asia and the Himalaya is up to approximately 2,350-km less. Here we show that the discrepancy between the convergence and the shortening can be explained by subduction of highly extended continental and oceanic Indian lithosphere within the Himalaya between approximately 50 and 25 Ma. Paleomagnetic data show that this extended continental and oceanic "Greater India" promontory resulted from 2,675 AE 700 km of North-South extension between 120 and 70 Ma, accommodated between the Tibetan Himalaya and cratonic India. We suggest that the approximately 50 Ma "India"-Asia collision was a collision of a Tibetan-Himalayan microcontinent with Asia, followed by subduction of the largely oceanic Greater India Basin along a subduction zone at the location of the Greater Himalaya. The "hard" India-Asia collision with thicker and contiguous Indian continental lithosphere occurred around 25-20 Ma. This hard collision is coincident with far-field deformation in central Asia and rapid exhumation of Greater Himalaya crystalline rocks, and may be linked to intensification of the Asian monsoon system. This two-stage collision between India and Asia is also reflected in the deep mantle remnants of subduction imaged with seismic tomography.continent-continent collision | mantle tomography | plate reconstructions | Cretaceous T he present geological boundary between India and Asia is marked by the Indus-Yarlung suture zone, which contains deformed remnants of the ancient Neotethys Ocean (1, 2) (Fig. 1). North of the Indus-Yarlung suture is the southernmost continental fragment of Asia, the Lhasa block. South of the suture lies the Himalaya, composed of (meta)sedimentary rocks that were scraped off now-subducted Indian continental crust and mantle lithosphere and thrust southward over India during collision. The highest structural unit of the Himalaya is overlain by fragments of oceanic lithosphere (ophiolites).We apply the common term Greater India to refer to the part of the Indian plate that has been subducted underneath Tibet since the onset of Cenozoic continental collision. A 52 Ma minimum age of collision between northernmost Greater India and the Lhasa block is constrained by 52 Ma sedimentary rocks in the northern, "Tibetan" Himalaya that include detritus from the Lhasa block (3). This collision age is consistent with independent paleomagnetic evidence for overlapping paleolatitudes for the Tibetan Himalaya and the Lhasa blocks at 48.6 AE 6.2 Ma ( Fig. 2; SI Text) as well as with an abrupt decrease in India-Asia convergence rates beginning at 55-50 Ma, as demonstrated by India-Asia plate circuits ...

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Section: Cretaceous Greater Indian N-s Extensionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Greater India Basin hypothesis and a two-stage Cenozoic collision between India and Asia

Hinsbergen

Lippert

Dupont‐Nivet

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

609

526

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“…and Tarap Shale of Fuchs (1977) and Garzanti (1999) in central Nepal; Qudenggongba and Tarap Fms. of Jadoul et al (1998) in South Tibet).…”

Section: Late Paleozoic To Triassic Stratigraphy Of the Tethys Himalayamentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Since the 1980s, the Milan University working group, under the scientific direction of Prof. M. Gaetani, has been working out a comprehensive stratigraphic revision in the Himalayan orogenic belt, with specific focus on the Tethys Himalaya sedimentary succession (Baud et al 1984;Gaetani et al 1986Gaetani et al , 1990Gaetani and Garzanti 1991;Garzanti and Sciunnach 1997;Garzanti et al 1992Garzanti et al , 1994aGarzanti et al ,b, 1995Garzanti et al , 1996aGarzanti et al ,b, 1998aGarzanti 1999;Jadoul et al 1990Jadoul et al , 1998Sciunnach and Garzanti 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Paleozoic and Triassic bryozoans from the Tethys Himalaya (N India, Nepal and S Tibet)

Sakagami¹,

Sciunnach

Garzanti³

2006

Facies

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New findings of Late Paleozoic and Triassic bryozoans from the Tethys Himalaya are reported. Fifteen species, including three undetermined, were described, while determinations at order, family or genus level were obtained on fragmentary material. The studied bryozoans were framed in a solid lithostratigraphic scheme spanning across the Tethys Himalaya for over 1500 km, from NW India (Zanskar and Spiti) through Nepal (Dolpo and Manang) to South Tibet; they are concentrated in correlatable stratigraphic intervals corresponding to the Upper Devonian-Tournaisian, Bashkirian, Sakmarian, Midian and Lower Norian. This study allowed us to integrate bryozoan occurrences reported from the literature, mostly referring to the Tournaisian, Bashkirian and Early Norian, and to refine the available biostratigraphic dates. Bryozoan-rich intervals are interpreted as associated to long-term transgressions, in turn driven by major climatic and/or tectonic events. Cosmopolitan genera which prevail in the Paleozoic, are replaced by provincial forms after the Triassic crisis.

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“…In the latter area, it is dominated by limonite-and chamosite-cemented quartz arenites containing abundant chamosite ooids. The accumulation of isolated chamositic ooids, in some cases forming oolitic ironstone beds, appears to have been a widespread phenomenon in the late Early to Middle Jurassic with examples reported as far afield as England (Meyers 1989), the northern margin of India (Jadoul et al 1998) and eastern Australia (Cranfield et al 1994;Turner et al 2009, this volume). Marine incursions occur in the otherwise continental Röddinge Formation strata yielding ammonites and crinoids (Hadding 1933).…”

Section: Swedenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Onshore Jurassic of Scandinavia and related areas

Vajda

Wigforss-Lange

2009

GFF

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Jurassic strata are extensively distributed in offshore areas of Scandinavia, but onshore exposures are mostly restricted to southern Sweden (Skåne), the Danish island of Bornholm, East Greenland, northern Norway (Andøya) and Svalbard. The latest Triassic and Jurassic saw active tectonism in Scandinavia associated with the break-up of Pangaea and rifting in the North Atlantic region and the North Sea. Rifting and the gradual rise in sea level controlled the structural and sedimentological architecture of Scandinavian basins throughout the Jurassic. The Upper Triassic is represented by continental red beds (claystones and arkosic conglomerates) indicative of arid conditions (until the Norian) and by coal measures characteristic of humid conditions (in the Rhaetian). Early Jurassic sedimentation in the region was dominated by fluvial-estuarine systems. Basin subsidence combined with the supply of huge volumes of sediments led to the accumulation of thick sand units on vast coastal plains in the Early and Middle Jurassic. During the Late Jurassic, transgressions led to deposition of extensive marine mud, although sandstones are locally preserved. Paralic depositional environments prevailed during the Late Jurassic and into the Early Cretaceous in southern Scandinavia. Scandinavia hosts a rich Jurassic palaeontological record including fossil plants, sharks, dinosaur footprints, ammonites, belemnites, ichthyosaurs and pliosaurs. Miospores provide the primary tool for biostratigraphic subdivision and correlation of the continental Jurassic sediments, whereas ammonites, dinoflagellates and foraminifera are the main groups employed for marine biostratigraphy. However, much work remains to be completed to achieve a highly resolved zonation scheme that integrates both marine and terrestrial indices.

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The Tethys Himalayan passive margin from Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous (South Tibet)

Cited by 121 publications

References 24 publications

Greater India Basin hypothesis and a two-stage Cenozoic collision between India and Asia

Greater India Basin hypothesis and a two-stage Cenozoic collision between India and Asia

Late Paleozoic and Triassic bryozoans from the Tethys Himalaya (N India, Nepal and S Tibet)

Onshore Jurassic of Scandinavia and related areas

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