. Public reposing burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. 13. Abstract Understanding how mutations arise in non-growing cells will help illuminate mechanisms of oncogenesis, tumor progression, and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. To this end, I have been addressing how antibiotic resistance mutations occur in non-, or slowly-growing enterobacteria cells. Previously, our laboratory discovered that RecA (an hRAD51 homolog) and RecBCD recombination repair proteins are necessary for the acquisition of ß-lactam drug-resistant mutations in the Escherichia coli chromosome during stationary-phase. The data suggest that either the SOS DNA damage-repair response, recombinational DNA repair, or both, are involved in the mutation pathway.