The Th1:Th2 Dichotomy of Pregnancy and Preterm Labour

Sykes, Lynne; MacIntyre, David A.; Yap, Xiao J.; Teoh, Tiong Ghee; Bennett, Phillip R.

doi:10.1155/2012/967629

Cited by 278 publications

(291 citation statements)

References 144 publications

(143 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

266

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Moreover, Th1-dominated autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis or multiple sclerosis improve during pregnancy (6,63), whereas Th2-dominated disorders such as lupus erythematosus tend to worsen (63,64). This was also attributed to a polarization toward Th2 responses in pregnant women (27). Our findings on a direct influence of plaGR-MDSCs on T cell polarization depict a new mechanism for the development of this Th2 bias during pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Pregnancy seems to induce a shift in T cell response toward a Th2 dominance (9,26,27), whereas a Th1-dominant pattern may be associated with pregnancy failure (28,29). To test the hypothesis that plaGR-MDSCs could influence the T cell cytokine response in terms of a polarization toward a Th2 bias, we performed cocultures between PBMCs from healthy adult donors and plaGRMDSCs.…”

Section: Gr-mdscs Isolated From Human Placenta Polarize Cd4 + T Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Granulocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Accumulate in Human Placenta and Polarize toward a Th2 Phenotype

Köstlin

Hofstädter

Ostermeir

et al. 2016

The Journal of Immunology

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tolerance induction toward the semiallogeneic fetus is crucial to enable a successful pregnancy; its failure is associated with abortion or preterm delivery. Skewing T cell differentiation toward a Th2-dominated phenotype seems to be pivotal in maternal immune adaption, yet underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are innate immune cells that mediate T cell suppression and are increased in cord blood of healthy newborns and in peripheral blood of pregnant women. In this study, we demonstrate that granulocytic MDSCs (GR-MDSCs) accumulate in human placenta of healthy pregnancies but are diminished in patients with spontaneous abortions. Placental GR-MDSCs effectively suppressed T cell responses by expression of arginase I and production of reactive oxygen species and were activated at the maternal–fetal interface through interaction with trophoblast cells. Furthermore, GR-MDSCs isolated from placenta polarized CD4+ T cells toward a Th2 cytokine response. These results highlight a potential role of GR-MDSCs in inducing and maintaining maternal–fetal tolerance and suggest them as a promising target for therapeutic manipulation of pregnancy complications.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Gr-mdscs Isolated From Human Placenta Polarize Cd4 + T Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granulocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Accumulate in Human Placenta and Polarize toward a Th2 Phenotype

Köstlin

Hofstädter

Ostermeir

et al. 2016

The Journal of Immunology

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Th2 cells secrete IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 which mediate B cell activation and antibody production and it is well known that these two pathways reciprocally inhibit each other [72][73][74]. Therefore, the consequences of Th2 polarisation during normal pregnancy include inhibition of cell mediated Th1 cytokines immunity and enhancement of Th2-mediated humoral responses [75]. However, a deregulation of cytokine networks can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes including spontaneous abortion, preterm labour, pre-eclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction [76,77].…”

Section: Regulation Of the Immune System During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune responses during gestational malaria: a review of the current knowledge and future trend of research

Maestre

Carmona‐Fonseca

2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Women pregnant with their first child are susceptible to severe P. falciparum disease from placental malaria because they lack immunity to placenta-specific cytoadherence proteins. In subsequent pregnancies, as immunity against placental parasites is acquired, there is a reduced risk of adverse effects of malaria on the mother and fetus and asymptomatic parasitaemia is common. In the case of vivax malaria, with increasing reports of severe cases in Asia and South America, the effects of infection by this species during pregnancy remain to be elucidated. This review summarized the main aspects involved in the acquisition of specific antimalarial immune responses during pregnancy with emphasis in research carried out in America and Asia, in order to offer a framework of interpretation for studies on pregnant women with malaria which are recently being produced in these regions. The authors conclude that (1) Effective humoral responses during gestational malaria are mainly directed against variant surface antigens codified by genes of the var2Csa family of P. falciparum; (2) Acquisition of immunity against these variant antigens depends on the degree and intensity of transmission, and the chance increases with age and successive pregnancies; (3) Antibody development is guided by specific cellular immune responses in cases of placental and maternal infection, and (4) The study of the significance of acquisition of specific immunity against both P. falciparum and P. vivax in America, should be performed.

show abstract

“…7 It has been suggested that a lower index of Th1:Th2 immune response in the second trimester is supportive for successful physiological pregnancy. 2,8 In the second trimester, Th2 cells secrete predominantly anti-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-10 which, in combination with a reduction in inflammatory Th1 cytokines IL-1β, IL-2 and interferon gamma (IFN)-γ, have been associated with healthy term pregnancy. 9,10 Therefore, specific balance between maternal pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines throughout pregnancy is believed to be critical for the success of a pregnancy and favourable birth outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of maternal immune response with MeHg exposure at 28 weeks’ gestation in the Seychelles Child Development Study

McSorley

Yeates

Mulhern

et al. 2018

American J Rep Immunol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Problem: Maternal methylmercury (MeHg) exposure may be associated with immune response during pregnancy. Method of Study: In the high fish-eating Seychelles Child Development Study Nutrition Cohort 2, we examined the association of maternal MeHg, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and immune markers (Th1:Th2; TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-ϒ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, MCP-1, TARC, SFlt-1, VEGFD, CRP and IL-6) at 28 weeks gestation. Linear regression examined associations between MeHg exposure and immune markers with and without adjustment for PUFA. Results: In all models, as MeHg concentrations increased the Th1:Th2 ratio, total Th1 and individual Th1 (IL-1β, IL-2, TNF-α) concentrations decreased. MeHg was not associated with total Th2 cytokines but was associated with a decrease in IL-4 and IL-10. MeHg was positively associated with TARC and VEGFD and negatively associated with CRP. There was a significant interaction between MeHg and the n-6:n-3 ratio, with MeHg associated with a larger decrease in Th1:Th2 at higher n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios. The n-3 PUFA were associated with lower CRP, IL-4 and higher IFN-γ. The n-6 PUFA were associated with higher IL-1β, IL-2, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10, CRP and IL-6. Conclusion: Maternal MeHg was associated with markers of immune function at 28 weeks gestation. A significant interaction between MeHg and the n-6:n-3 ratio on the Th1:Th2 ratio suggests that the n-3 PUFA may mitigate any immunosuppressive associations of MeHg. The n-3 and n-6 PUFA were associated with suppressive and stimulatory immune responses, respectively. Overall, the associations were of small magnitude and further research is required to determine the clinical significance.

show abstract

The Th1:Th2 Dichotomy of Pregnancy and Preterm Labour

Cited by 278 publications

References 144 publications

Granulocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Accumulate in Human Placenta and Polarize toward a Th2 Phenotype

Granulocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Accumulate in Human Placenta and Polarize toward a Th2 Phenotype

Immune responses during gestational malaria: a review of the current knowledge and future trend of research

Associations of maternal immune response with MeHg exposure at 28 weeks’ gestation in the Seychelles Child Development Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About