A new numerical-analytic algorithm for the investigation of periodic solutions of nonlinear periodic systems of differential equations dx dtA t x f t x / () (, ) = + in the critical case is developed.The problem of the existence of solutions and their approximate construction is studied. Estimates for the convergence of successive periodic approximations are obtained.The theory of periodic boundary-value problems is an extensively developed branch of the theory of ordinary differential equations. There are fairly many works devoted to the investigation of periodic boundary-value problems, which is explained, on the one hand, by their wide application in the study of various technical and other natural processes and, on the other hand, by the wide variety of related problems and the complexity of their investigation, especially in the case of nonlinear systems. Many methods have been developed for the investigation of periodic solutions of systems of differential and other equations. In this connection, without pretending to be exhaustive, we mention the monographs of Bogolyubov and Mitropol'skii [1], Samoilenko and N. Ronto [2 -4], Boichuk, Zhuravlev, and Samoilenko [5], Luchka [6], Malkin [7], Grebenikov and Ryabov [8], and Yakubovich and Starzhinskii [9], which also contain surveys of results and extensive bibliography on related questions.