The theory of zero-gradient crystal ovens

Karlquist, R.K.; Cutler, L.S.; Ingman, E.M.; Johnson, Jason L.; Parisek, T.

doi:10.1109/freq.1997.639207

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 1 publication

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“…Similar approaches of stabilizing the temperature are widely used, for example, in oven controlled crystal oscillators or precision voltage references. 3 Further reduction of the FET temperature reduces leakage currents to negligible values. 4 …”

Section: Thermal Stabilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-stabilized differential amplifier for low-noise DC measurements

Märki

Braem

Ihn

2017

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A tabletop low-noise differential amplifier with a bandwidth of 100 kHz is presented. Low voltage drifts of the order of 100 nV/day are reached by thermally stabilizing relevant amplifier components. The input leakage current is below 100 fA. Input-stage errors are reduced by extensive circuitry. Voltage noise, current noise, input capacitance and input current are extraordinarily low. The input resistance is larger than 1 TΩ. The amplifiers were tested with and deployed for electrical transport measurements of quantum devices at cryogenic temperatures.

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Section: Thermal Stabilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-stabilized differential amplifier for low-noise DC measurements

Märki

Braem

Ihn

2017

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A new type of balanced-bridge controlled oscillator

Karlquist

2000

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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A novel bridge-controlled crystal oscillator circuit with exceptional temperature stability is described. The contribution to the oscillator temperature coefficient of frequency (tempco) from the circuit components (exclusive of the crystal) is reduced to about 10(-11)/ degrees C, which is several orders of magnitude better than conventional oscillator circuits. This avoids a situation in which the overall tempco is limited by circuit component drift rather than crystal stability, which can easily occur with conventional circuits when the crystal is ovenized at a turnover point. Previous attempts to use a bridge in an oscillator were made by Meacham (1938), who used an imperfectly balanced bridge, and Sulzer (1955), who used a balanced pseudo-bridge. The reasons why these are unsatisfactory are discussed. Although the bridge greatly reduces reactive frequency pulling, it does not address directly the additional issue of pulling caused by variations in crystal drive current amplitude. However, it is an enabling technology for a novel ALC circuit with greatly improved stability. The new bridge-controlled oscillator is also much less sensitive to other environmental effects such as humidity (2x10 (-11), 5%/25% R.H. @70 degrees C), power supply voltage, load impedance, and stray capacitance.

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Temperature processing of an ultra stable quartz oscillator

Galliou

Mourey

2001

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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The theory of zero-gradient crystal ovens

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Temperature-stabilized differential amplifier for low-noise DC measurements

Temperature-stabilized differential amplifier for low-noise DC measurements

A new type of balanced-bridge controlled oscillator

Temperature processing of an ultra stable quartz oscillator

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