The therapeutic potential of insulin-like growth factor-1 in central nervous system disorders

Costales, Jesse L.; Kolevzon, Alexander

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.01.001

Cited by 79 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 186 publications

(210 reference statements)

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“…The explanation about the neurotrophic factors especially functions and roles of them in the nervous system has still been increasing including embryonic and postnatal development after injury. There are many studies mention main aims of neurotrophic factor researches involved in developmental roles, plasticity in the central nervous system, and mechanisms of injury and signal transduction (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). The objective of this review is to give an overview of neurotrophic factors and emphasize importance of what we know about the functional mechanisms by which neurotrophic factors reveal their effects from an injury response window, including axonal growth and regeneration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of growth factors in nerve regeneration

Önger

Delibaş

Türkmen

et al. 2016

DD&T

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of growth factors in nerve regeneration

Önger

Delibaş

Türkmen

et al. 2016

DD&T

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“…The IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) maintains a stable expression in the brain throughout life, at least in rats [59], but it is likely that it also occurs in human adults to bind to free IGF-I, which reaches the brain from plasma [60]. Activation of IGF-IR triggers a series of signaling pathways [61] that play a very important role in the normal neurodevelopment [62]. Plasma levels of IGF-I have been found to be decreased in 8 of 23 RTT patients [63], and the GH/IGF-I axis has been shown to function abnormally in RTT [64], although this may be a consequence of poor nutritional status in many of these patients with RTT, since hepatic IGF-I production is strongly dependent on nutritional status [65].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rett Syndrome: Treatment with IGF-I, Melatonin, Blackcurrant Extracts, and Rehabilitation

Devesa¹,

Devesa²,

Carrillo³

et al. 2018

Reports

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Abstract:(1) This study describes the good evolution of a 6-year-old girl genetically diagnosed (R106X) with Rett syndrome (RTT), after having been treated with IGF-I, melatonin (MT), blackcurrant extracts (BC) and rehabilitated for 6 months. (2) The patient stopped normal development in the first year of age. The patient showed short stature and weight and fulfilled the main criteria for typical RTT. Despite her young age, there was pubic hair (Tanner II), very high plasma testosterone, and low levels of plasma gonadotrophins. There were no adrenal enzymatic deficits, and abdominal ultrasound studies were normal. The treatment consisted of IGF-I (0.04 mg/kg/day, 5 days/week, subcutaneous (sc)) for 3 months and then 15 days of rest, MT (50 mg/day, orally, without interruption) and neurorehabilitation. A new blood test, after 3 months of treatment, was absolutely normal and the pubic hair disappeared (Tanner I). Then, a new treatment was started with IGF-I, MT, and BC for another 3 months. In this period, the degree of pubertal development increased to Tanner III (pubic level), without a known cause. (3) The treatment followed led to clear improvements in most of the initial abnormalities, perhaps due to the neurotrophic effect of IGF-I, the antioxidant effects of MT and BC, and the cerebral increase in the cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) achieved with administration of BC. (4) A continuous treatment with IGF-I, MT, and BC appears to be useful in RTT.

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“…Several growth factors, secreted from both neurons and glial cells, play indispensable roles in shaping the brain [24]. VEGF-A promotes neuronal survival, axonal outgrowth, long-term potentiation, and learning [25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and neuroinflammation is increased in the frontopolar cortex of individuals with autism spectrum disorder

Gnanasekaran

et al. 2019

Preprint

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14Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) etiology is a complex mixture of genetic and 15 environmental factors, the relative contributions of which varies across patients. Despite 16 complex etiology, researchers observe consistent neurodevelopmental features in ASD 17 patients, notably atypical forebrain cortical development. Growth factors, cytokines, and 18 chemokines are important mediators of forebrain cortical development, but have not been 19 thoroughly examined in brain tissues from individuals with autism. Here, we performed an 20 integrative analysis of RNA and protein expression using frontopolar cortex tissues dissected 21 from individuals with ASD and controls, hypothesizing that ASD patients will exhibit aberrant 22 expression of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines critical for neurodevelopment. We 23 performed group-wise comparisons of RNA expression via RNA-Seq and growth factor, 24cytokine, and chemokine expression via multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 25 (ELISA). We also analyzed single cell sequencing data from the frontopolar cortex of typically 26 developed individuals to identify cell types that express the growth factors we found differentially 27 expressed in ASD. Our RNA-Seq analysis revealed 11 differentially expressed genes in ASD 28 versus control brains, the most significant of which encodes for vascular endothelial growth 29 factor (VEGF-A). Both RNA and protein levels of VEGF-A were upregulated in ASD brains. Our 30 single cell analysis revealed that VEGF is expressed primarily by non-neuronal cells. We also 31 found that the differentially expressed genes from our RNA-Seq analysis are enriched in 32 microglia. The increased VEGF-A expression we observed in ASD, coupled with the enrichment 33 of differentially expressed genes in microglia, begs the question of the role VEGF-A is playing in 34 ASD. Microglia activation, as indicated by our RNA-Seq results, and the VEGF-A isoform 35 expression we see in the ASD cortex, leads us to conclude that VEGF-A is playing a pro-36 inflammatory role, perhaps with unwanted long-term consequences for neurodevelopment.

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The therapeutic potential of insulin-like growth factor-1 in central nervous system disorders

Cited by 79 publications

References 186 publications

The role of growth factors in nerve regeneration

The role of growth factors in nerve regeneration

Rett Syndrome: Treatment with IGF-I, Melatonin, Blackcurrant Extracts, and Rehabilitation

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and neuroinflammation is increased in the frontopolar cortex of individuals with autism spectrum disorder

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