The thermal behaviors of latexes: Wet latex glass transition temperatures

Lee, Do Ik; Walker, Lynn C.; Kan, Charles S.

doi:10.1002/masy.19971180137

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The effect of AA in the seed polymer is to allow the seed to be slightly swollen with water and results in a decrease in its glass transition temperature in the wet state. This effect was shown clearly by Lee et al30 by measuring the T g 's of acid‐containing copolymers and terpolymers using a microcalorimeter. Based on the data presented in that articles, we estimated that the T g of the P(BA‐MMA‐AA) seed polymer would be about 13°C lower in the wet state than its non‐acid‐containing counterpart.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Control of particle morphology and film structures of carboxylated poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly (n‐butylacrylate) composite latex particles

Kirsch¹,

Stubbs

Leuninger³

et al. 2003

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Particles with a hard core of 66% poly(methyl methacrylate)/34% poly(n‐butyl acrylate) copolymer and a soft shell of pure poly(n‐butyl acrylate) were synthesized via a two‐stage emulsion polymerization process. The particle morphology and the surface structure of the dispersion films were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results, concerning single particle structure and the corresponding films, are correlated to macroscopic properties similar to the minimum expected from the kinetic side. The different morphologies are compared to the findings reported in a previous article, where the corresponding soft‐core/hard‐shell dispersions were analyzed (Kirsch et al. Colloid Surf A 2001, 183–185, 725). The key parameters to tailor the particle morphology are thermodynamic factors, for example: (i) the stage ratio and (ii) the phase compatibility and kinetic factors affecting the polymer chain mobility (e.g., cross‐linking and polymer glass transition temperature). In this work, we used a core material which is in the glassy state at room temperature, however, above the polymer glass temperature (Tg) at polymerization temperature. The diffusion of the second‐stage polymer chains is therefore strongly affected. From this point of view, the major influence for the current system is expected from the kinetic side. The different morphologies of the single particles are discussed qualitatively and the effects of reaction parameters and our results from previous work are compared to the results of computer simulation work and other results. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2610–2623, 2004

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Control of particle morphology and film structures of carboxylated poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly (n‐butylacrylate) composite latex particles

Kirsch¹,

Stubbs

Leuninger³

et al. 2003

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…13 Most elegant is the use of water as ''coalescent,'' also known as hydroplasticization. 14,15 Unfortunately in that case, the required high polarity of the polymer leads to water sensitivity of the coating. Being an active area of research, several recent models provide the calculation of the hydroplasticized glass transition temperature (T g ) of a polymer, 16 whereas other work has focused on the plasticization by different coalescents in relation to the drying process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preferred partitioning: the influence of coalescents on the build-up of mechanical properties in acrylic core–shell particles (I)

2012

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The partitioning of three coalescents of different polarity in different phases of multiphase acrylic particles was studied to provide a rationale for obtaining the desired performance of binders for wood coatings in terms of the ideal balance between hardness development, blocking resistance, and blushing resistance. Minimum film formation temperature-and aqueous differential scanning calorimetry-measurements on the hard phase polymer by itself showed the different extents to which both hydroplasticization and plasticization by the coalescent occur. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis was subsequently used to visualize wet-T g effects of three different coalescents in the hard and soft polymer phase of these multiphase acrylic particles. The results have important consequences for the formulation of such binders in applications for exterior wood coatings and coatings in general.

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“…With evermore interest in the use of waterborne polymers, it is useful and necessary that the effects of water as a plasticizing agent are considered during both latex synthesis and application. Many authors have recognized the importance of water plasticization of polymers during or after film formation, − but only one to date has reported on this effect during latex polymerization as far as we know. In the latter case the effect of water plasticization is to lower the effective glass point of the polymer(s) in the latex particles during reaction and influence the diffusion of growing and dead polymer chains so as to potentially affect the morphology of composite latex particles. − In both cases it will be very useful to have the ability to measure this plasticization effect and to be able to predict it as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the Glass Transition of Latex-Based Polymers in the Hydroplasticized State via Differential Scanning Calorimetry

2010

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Polymers produced as aqueous-based lattices are always saturated with water, and the "wet" T(g) of these polymers can be significantly lower than the equivalent "dry" T(g) of the same polymers. The differential scanning calorimeter is a simple and effective tool to determine the wet T(g), and raw latex can be used without any special sample preparation. It is necessary, as always, to include a preheat step in the DSC procedure in order that the thermal scan produces quality data. We show that this technique can be performed in many temperature ranges, including temperatures well below the freezing point of water. Extension to the measurement of both thermal transitions for composite latex particles shows that the wet latex data, and information contained in them, can be quite different from the dried polymer data obtained from the same instrument. Special considerations are necessary for polymers with wet T(g)'s near the freezing point of water.

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The thermal behaviors of latexes: Wet latex glass transition temperatures

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

Control of particle morphology and film structures of carboxylated poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly (n‐butylacrylate) composite latex particles

Control of particle morphology and film structures of carboxylated poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly (n‐butylacrylate) composite latex particles

Preferred partitioning: the influence of coalescents on the build-up of mechanical properties in acrylic core–shell particles (I)

Measuring the Glass Transition of Latex-Based Polymers in the Hydroplasticized State via Differential Scanning Calorimetry

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