The thermal degradation of phosphorus-containing copolyesters

Chang, Shinn‐Jen; Sheen, Yuung‐Ching; Chang, R. S.; Chang, Feng‐Chih

doi:10.1016/s0141-3910(96)00064-x

Cited by 41 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…There have been many reports on the copolymerization of flame‐retardant monomers into polyester chains 10–24. Chang et al 11, 12 studied the thermal degradation of phosphorus‐containing copolyesters and investigated the synthesis of side‐chain‐type copolyesters containing the phosphorus linking pendent groups by charging 9,10‐dihydro‐10‐[2,3‐di(hydroxycarbonyl)propyl]‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide, terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol in one reactor. Asrar et al 13 studied the synthesis of main‐chain‐type copolyesters of ethylene terephthalate and 2‐carboxyethyl(phenylphosphinic) acid and found that 2‐carboxyethyl(phenylphosphinic) acid can be copolymerized with terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol in the conventional melt polymerization process used for PET.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halogenation of Graphene with Chlorine, Bromine, or Iodine by Exfoliation in a Halogen Atmosphere

Poh

Šimek²,

Sofer³

et al. 2013

Chemistry A European J

163

137

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Nanoarchitectonics on graphene implicates a specific and exact anchoring of molecules or nanoparticles onto the surface of graphene. One such example of an effective anchoring group that is highly reactive is the halogen moiety. Herein we describe a simple and scalable method for the introduction of halogen (chlorine, bromine, and iodine) moieties onto the surface of graphene by thermal exfoliation/reduction of graphite oxide in the corresponding gaseous halogen atmosphere. We characterized the halogenated graphene by using various techniques, including scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemistry. The halogen atoms that have successfully been attached to the graphene surfaces will serve as basic building blocks for further graphene nanoarchitectonics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halogenation of Graphene with Chlorine, Bromine, or Iodine by Exfoliation in a Halogen Atmosphere

Poh

Šimek²,

Sofer³

et al. 2013

Chemistry A European J

163

137

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“…Among the phosphorus-containing groups incorporated into polymers, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), as well as its derivatives [8,27,28,29,30,31], and phosphonate groups [9,17,32,33,34,35,36,37] are probably the most widely studied. DOPO mainly acts as a flame inhibitor, while phosphonate groups promote charring with no or little effect in the gaseous phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DOPO mainly acts as a flame inhibitor, while phosphonate groups promote charring with no or little effect in the gaseous phase. In most cases, these groups were added as pendant groups even if some attempts were carried out to incorporate phosphonate groups within the polymer backbone [32,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Contribution of Two Phosphorus-Based Groups to Polymer Flammability via Pyrolysis–Combustion Flow Calorimetry

et al. 2019

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From a set of around 100 phosphorus-containing polymers tested in pyrolysis–combustion flow calorimetry, the contributions to flammability of two phosphorus-containing pendant groups (called 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and PO3) were calculated using an advanced method previously proposed and validated. The flammability properties include total heat release (THR) and heat release capacity (HRC) measured in standard conditions, i.e., anaerobic pyrolysis and complete combustion. The calculated contributions are in good agreement with the main modes of action of both phosphorus groups, i.e., flame inhibition for DOPO and char promotion for PO3. Moreover, the results provide first conclusions about the cooperative interaction between phosphorus and nitrogen, as well as the influence of the architecture of tested co-polymers.

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“…[9][10][11][12] Phosphorus compounds have been used as flame retardants since the nineteenth century. 13 Organic phosphorus compounds are good flame retardants in combustion conditions because they form carbonaceous char which acts as a physical barrier for heat transfer from the flame to the polymer. [14][15][16][17] Nevertheless, when low molecular weight phosphorous compound was incorporated into polymer, the compound may slowly diffuse out, resulting in gradual loss of flame retardance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-friendly flame retardant poly(butylene terephthalate) copolymers with thermal stability and hydrolytic resistance

2010

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Eco-friendly flame retardant poly(butylene terephthalate) copolymers (FR-PBTs) were synthesized with various amounts (5.5, 8, 10 and 15%) of the flame retardant, phosphorous comonomer unit, [(6-oxido-6H-dibenz <1,2>oxaphosphorin-6-yl)methyl]-methyl butanedioate (DOP-MBDA). Thermal stability was determined by TGA and the resistance to hydrolysis was examined by comparing the inherent viscosities of the polymers before and after hydrolysis in a 10 wt% aqueous NaOH solution at 130 o C for 8 h. Unfortunately the thermal stability and hydrolytic resistance of the copolymer decreased gradually with increasing DOP-MBDA content up to 10%. However, when the DOP-MBDA content was increased from 10 to 15% (FR-PBT-15), the thermal stability and hydrolytic resistance improved dramatically to those of the PBT homopolymer. FTIR spectroscopy showed that the ratio of the trans to gauche moiety in the copolymer chain decreased with increasing DOP-MBDA content up to 10%, whereas the ratio increased when 15% DOP-MBDA was incorporated into the polymer. The higher trans to gauche ratio suggests that crystallization may take place more readily in FR-PBT-15. In addition, FR-PBT-15 showed the highest density and degree of crystallinity among the copolymers. The improved thermal stability and resistance to hydrolysis of FR-PBT-15 was attributed to the denser stereo-stable crystal structure of the polymer.

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The thermal degradation of phosphorus-containing copolyesters

Cited by 41 publications

References 5 publications

Halogenation of Graphene with Chlorine, Bromine, or Iodine by Exfoliation in a Halogen Atmosphere

Halogenation of Graphene with Chlorine, Bromine, or Iodine by Exfoliation in a Halogen Atmosphere

Exploring the Contribution of Two Phosphorus-Based Groups to Polymer Flammability via Pyrolysis–Combustion Flow Calorimetry

Eco-friendly flame retardant poly(butylene terephthalate) copolymers with thermal stability and hydrolytic resistance

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