The thermal expansion behaviour of pyrolytic graphite-bromine residue compounds

Martin, W.H.; Brocklehurst, J.E.

doi:10.1016/0008-6223(64)90067-3

Cited by 47 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Given the strong dependence on a suggested by expressions (25) and (26), increasing a artificially could be a good strategy to reduce the critical shear rate. This might be achieved by triggering a chemical reaction inside the layers to enlarge pre-existing cracks [57]), exploiting electrostatic charge [58] or electrochemical effects [59]. Increasing µ also reduces the critical shear rate, but the overall stress level to which each particle is subject depends on the product µγ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micromechanics of liquid-phase exfoliation of a layered 2D material: A hydrodynamic peeling model

Salussolia

Barbieri

Pugno

et al. 2020

Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids

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We present a micromechanical analysis of flow-induced peeling of a layered 2D material suspended in a liquid, for the first time accounting for realistic hydrodynamic loads. In our model, fluid forces trigger a fracture of the interlayer interface by lifting a flexible "flap" of nanomaterial from the surface of a suspended microparticle. We show that the so far ignored dependence of the hydrodynamic load on the wedge angle produces a transition in the curve relating the critical fluid shear rate for peeling to the non-dimensional adhesion energy. For intermediate values of the non-dimensional adhesion energy, the critical shear rate saturates, yielding critical shear rate values that are drastically smaller than those predicted by a constant load assumption. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for realistic hydrodynamic loads in fracture mechanics models of liquid-phase exfoliation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micromechanics of liquid-phase exfoliation of a layered 2D material: A hydrodynamic peeling model

Salussolia

Barbieri

Pugno

et al. 2020

Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids

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“…In a previous paper [50], we showed that the covalently bonded graphite-intercalation compound fluorinated graphite (C 1 F 1 ) forms exfoliated graphite (EG) when processed in an atmospheric pressure 27.12 MHz inductively coupled argon plasma. This EG differed from other EG produced [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] in that the ends of the graphitic sheets were rolled or formed tubes. The micronsized carbon dust produced by this process has a low density (0.013 g cm -3 ), high surface area (150 m 2 g -1 ), minimum impurities (99.5% ± Carbon), honey-combed structure (SEM pictures), and tubular endings (1345 cm -1 , 1590 cm -1 , 1620 cm -1 , Raman Spectroscopy) [24].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Nanostructures in Physical Materials Chemistry: An Exploratory Laboratory

et al. 2001

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Abstract:The blend of nanotechnology and material science is often beyond the scope of undergraduate laboratories. Through undergraduate research, graphite-intercalated compounds have been incorporated in the production of carbon-based nanostructures. Based on this work a series of exploratory exercises were designed for the undergraduate physical chemistry laboratory emphasizing nanostructure material science. This rapidly expanding area of science and technology can be introduced at an undergraduate level using a high temperature oven to produce nanostructure samples that are analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy at research university laboratories, infrared spectroscopy, and a bomb calorimeter. In these experiments we use samples of pure graphite, fluorinated graphite, and lanthanum oxide to induce the formation of nanostructures. An overview of fullerenes, nanotubes, boron nitride and Si nanostructures, other carbon forms, graphite-intercalated compounds, and the storage of hydrogen in nanotubes are provided in an appendix. Several extensions of the laboratory are proposed.

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“…The decomposition rate has to surpass the diffusion rate of the evolved gas to overcome the van der Waals interaction between graphite layers. Sudden heating to high temperature (>1000 °C) is usually conducted for expansion of GICs, but low temperature treatment (<1000 °C) also gives expanded graphite including reversible expansion in certain conditions [10,11]. Thermal treatment of GICs under vacuum also facilitates expansion of graphite layers [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expansion of tetrachloroaluminate-graphite intercalation compound by reaction with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride

Matsumoto¹,

Minori²,

Takagi³

et al. 2014

Carbon

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Reaction of the stage-1 graphite tetrachloroaluminate intercalation compound prepared from highly oriented pyrolytic graphite with anhydrous HF yields expanded graphite. According to scanning electron microscopy, exfoliation of graphite layers occurs more intensely as the reaction temperature increases. X-ray diffraction shows the expanded graphite has low crystallinity and the layer structure of graphite is highly disordered. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms formation of AlF 3 and absence of Cl and covalent C−F bonds. Infrared spectroscopy reveals the gaseous species released during the expansion are HCl and CF 4. These observations suggest the following reaction is the source of the expansion: C x AlCl 4(s) + 4HF (l) → (x-0.25)C (s) + AlF 3(s) + 4HCl (g) + 0.25CF 4(g) .

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The thermal expansion behaviour of pyrolytic graphite-bromine residue compounds

Cited by 47 publications

References 9 publications

Micromechanics of liquid-phase exfoliation of a layered 2D material: A hydrodynamic peeling model

Micromechanics of liquid-phase exfoliation of a layered 2D material: A hydrodynamic peeling model

Nanostructures in Physical Materials Chemistry: An Exploratory Laboratory

Expansion of tetrachloroaluminate-graphite intercalation compound by reaction with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride

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