The Thermodynamics of Exhaust Gas Condensation

González, Núria; Baar, Roland; Drueckhammer, Jens; Kaeppner, Christoph

doi:10.4271/2017-01-9281

Cited by 25 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Garrido et al [50] presented a theoretical analysis of the thermodynamics of exhaust gas condensation. They analyzed the condensation of different species that are part of the exhaust gas produced by gasoline engines, such as water vapor, ammonium, and sulfuric, nitrous, nitric, and chloric acids.…”

Section: -D Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Modelling of Fouling Process in EGR System: A Review

Paz¹,

Suárez²,

Vence³

et al. 2021

Environmental Issues and Sustainable Development

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In order to combat climate change, the new rigorous standards for pollutant reduction have shone a light on the use of exhaust gas recirculation system in order to minimize the NOx emissions of vehicles. For this reason, the fouling problem that appears on the exhaust gas recirculation line, caused by the deposition of soot particles and hydrocarbons that are part of the exhaust gas, has become particularly relevant in the last few years. In this field, researches have proposed numerical models in order to estimate and predict the deposit formation and growth. Using various numerical techniques, they intend to determine and reproduce the fouling layer buildup considering the different mechanisms that are involved in the deposit formation. This chapter provides a detailed and comprehensive account of the numerical approaches that have been proposed to analyze the fouling phenomenon that occurs inside the exhaust gas system. The main characteristics of each numerical model, as well as their main strengths and weaknesses, are exposed and evaluated, and their simulation capabilities are examined in detail.

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Section: -D Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Modelling of Fouling Process in EGR System: A Review

Paz¹,

Suárez²,

Vence³

et al. 2021

Environmental Issues and Sustainable Development

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“…Internal combustion (IC) engines are the heart of most transportation systems ranging from onroad vehicles (trucks, light and-heavy duty vehicles), rail, navigation, to aviation which utilize spark or compression ignition to combust fuels to generate mechanical work [1]. Combusting fossil fuels is the primary cause of emission of substances that have detrimental effects on the environment and the human health [1,2]. Forward, addressing the IC emissions is urgent to stop its numerous adverse health and environmental impacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C8H18 contains 8 carbon atoms and 18 H atoms, while the exhaust flue gases of petrol engines comprise approximately 14 % CO2, 13 % H2O, 71 % N2, and 2 % (CO, NOx, HC)[21]. The N2:O2 ratio of 79/21 is equal to 3.76, that is; each O2 entering the combustion chamber carries 3.76 N2 molecules, Engineering Headway Vol 2.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Influence of Intake Air N<sub>2 </sub>Content on Internal Combustion Exhaust Gases Output

Hossi,

Nkazi,

van der Merwe

et al. 2024

Engineering Headway

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The work presented here explores how air pollutants form and the prominent thermodynamic opportunities to reduce pollutants formation and emission during internal combustion process. The paper reviews the internal combustion engine operating cycles and discusses the relationship between the formation of pollutants and the engine’s energy management. Octane was used to model gasoline along with a petrol generator used to represent 4-stroke petrol engines. A set of thermodynamic equations were used to approximate the rate of heat transfer and the composition of exhaust gases at varying nitrogen-to-oxygen feed composition. Lowering the N2 content in the feed air significantly decreases the overall exhaust content of NOx and CO and improves the engine’s power output. The model emphasizes the ability of retrofitting traditional internal combustion engines with a molecular air filter as a promising strategy for reducing the exhausts’ emissions whilst improving the energy performance of the internal combustion process.

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“…Therefore, the charge air cooler (CAC) and intercooler, which are heat exchanger auxiliary devices of an internal combustion (IC) engine into which a high-temperature mixed gas is introduced, carry water vapor. Recently, heat exchangers have been required to maintain efficiency and durability; however, there are various disadvantages owing to internal water vapor and difficulties, such as loss of function [10][11][12][13]. Gürbüz et al performed a series of tests on the exhaust waste heat recovery using a thermoelectric generator (TEG) in a propanefueled spark-ignition (SI) engine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Condensation in the Heat Exchangers of Engine Intake Systems according to External Environmental and Operating Conditions

Ju,

Chung,

Lee

et al. 2023

International Journal of Energy Research

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Low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation (LP-EGR) systems are applied to diesel engines because they reduce nitrogen oxide emission by lowering the internal temperature of the cylinder by mixing the oxides with intake air. However, low-temperature ambient conditions include a large amount of vapor in the mixed gas flowing into the intercooler; when heat is exchanged, the water vapor condenses and is adsorbed on the surface of the intercooler fin to form a liquid film. Condensation occurs as the thermal resistance between the vapor and solid surface increases with the thickness of the liquid film and causing a corrosion due to condensation of the surface. In this study, the amount of condensation was predicted through calculations based on thermodynamic studies. Factors that can cause condensation inside the intercooler (fuel, air, and LP-EGR) were selected as variables. A mathematical formula was established to predict the convergence form of condensation or the amount of condensation over time at various temperature and relative humidity conditions. The formula predicted the condensation amount in the intercooler of the diesel engine, compared it to the actual amount of condensation in the test evaluation with an error of less than 4%. Additionally, because the formula can predict the amount of condensation by changing the heat exchange area of the intercooler, the application range of the formula was expanded to predict the condensation in the intercoolers of gasoline vehicles with different heat exchange areas and fuel types. The condensation error was within 2%, indicating a high consistency. Validation of the formula predicts a reliable amount of condensation under various operating and ambient temperature conditions, which means that both the time and cost of the test evaluation require the determination of the cause before solving the actual condensation problem.

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The Thermodynamics of Exhaust Gas Condensation

Cited by 25 publications

References 21 publications

Numerical Modelling of Fouling Process in EGR System: A Review

Numerical Modelling of Fouling Process in EGR System: A Review

Modeling the Influence of Intake Air N<sub>2 </sub>Content on Internal Combustion Exhaust Gases Output

Prediction of Condensation in the Heat Exchangers of Engine Intake Systems according to External Environmental and Operating Conditions

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