The Thickness of the Rigid Water Film at a Quartz-Water Interface from a Measurement of Newton's Rings

Eversole, W. G.; Lahr, Paul H.

doi:10.1063/1.1750977

Cited by 22 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Derjaguin [18] has shown that thin films of water possess definite and measurable shear moduli and yield points. A further confirmation of the rigid properties of thin films of water has r ecently been reported by Eversole and Lahr [19]. An explanation of this property of the film supposes the existence of long chains of oriented water molecules extending from the solid surfaces into the interior of the liquid.…”

Section: Changes In Friction At the Start Of Slidesupporting

confidence: 52%

Frictional properties of rubber

Roth

Driscoll

Holt

1942

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN.

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Laboratory measurements of coefficients of friction of soft rubber compounds were made by towing specimens on horizontal tracks and by allowing them to slide down inclined tracks. The specimens were prepared by attaching the rubber to a metal backing and molding it against glass surfaces having different degrees of roughness. The coefficients increase markedly with speed, ranging from about 1 at 10-' cm/sec to more than 4 at 5 cm/ sec. The occurrence of vibrations prevented observations at higher speeds. Static friction is greater than dynamic friction for speeds appreciably less than 10-3 cm/sec and less than dynamic friction for greater speeds. The coefficients decrease slightly with increasing pressures and are independent of the size of the specimen. Except at very low speeds the smoother surfaces yield the higher coefficients. Materials such as talc or bloom on the sliding surfaces cause large decreases in the coefficients.Attention is called to the dependence of the coefficients of friction on the speed, which is shown in several previous investigations on rubber and other materials. CONTENTS Page

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Section: Changes In Friction At the Start Of Slidesupporting

confidence: 52%

Frictional properties of rubber

Roth

Driscoll

Holt

1942

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN.

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“…Derjaguin [13] found a rigidity in the water film up to 150 Å, which was confirmed by Macauley [12]. On the basis of the measurements of Newton's rings Eversole and Lahr [14] stated that water adsorbs on quartz in a rigid multilayer the minimum thickness of which is of the order of 100 Å. From Fowkes' calculations [17], it appears that about 10 statistical monolayers of water on a quartz surface still have only slightly different properties from those in the volume phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Because of these interactions a rigid water film is formed on quartz surface. In the literature [12][13][14][15][16] there are different opinions about the thickness of this film. Derjaguin [13] found a rigidity in the water film up to 150 Å, which was confirmed by Macauley [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of anionic surfactant and short-chain alcohol mixtures on adsorption at quartz/water and water/air interfaces and the wettability of quartz

Zdziennicka

Jańczuk

2011

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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“…Newton’s rings of a spherical-cap droplet are a series of concentric-ring patterns because of the interference of the light reflected on the top and the bottom interfaces of the droplet. The number of the interference rings changes with different heights of the droplets. − In order to control the pattern of the templates precisely, a digital simulation was established, and the key factors influencing the Newton’s ring pattern were analyzed systemically, such as the viscosity and density of the polymer solution, and the design of the silicon pillars. Using the polymer-coated rigid templates, various ring-patterned perovskite single crystals were fabricated, which showed very fast photoluminescence (PL) characteristics on changing the design of the silicon pillars and the parameters of the fabrication process or different selections of the coating polymer solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ring-Patterned Perovskite Single Crystals Fabricated by the Combination of Rigid and Flexible Templates

Zhou

Liu

Chang

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Regular microstructures can improve the electrical and optical characteristics of perovskite single crystals because of the removal of defects and grain boundaries. Microstructured single crystals are commonly fabricated by either rigid or flexible templates. However, rigid templates usually need surface treatment before crystal fabrication to create an antiadhesion layer, while flexible templates encounter difficulties in achieving a large area of uniform single crystals without any deformation. In this work, we present a facile and robust method to fabricate perovskite single crystals using rigid silicon pillars coated with flexible polymer solutions, in which surface treatment is avoided in the preparation process, and deformation is absent in the formed crystals. The method realized the fabrication of colorful concentric-ring patterns composed of nanoscale single crystals for the first time. In order to concisely control the preparation of the template, the Newton's ring phenomenon was used to value the droplet height because the number of rings changed with the optical path difference. A related digital simulation was performed to find the correlation of the Newton's ring pattern with the shape of the droplets. The simulated results were consistent with the experimental observations generally, indicating that the pattern could be controlled mechanically. Concomitantly, the resulting perovskite nanoscale single crystals formed a regular colorful concentric-ring pattern. By changing the design of the rigid templates, the parameters of the fabrication process, or the selection of the coating polymer solution, different ring-patterned single crystals were successfully prepared without surface treatment and deformation. The crystals have potential applications in lasers or photodetectors.

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The Thickness of the Rigid Water Film at a Quartz-Water Interface from a Measurement of Newton's Rings

Cited by 22 publications

References 4 publications

Frictional properties of rubber

Frictional properties of rubber

Effect of anionic surfactant and short-chain alcohol mixtures on adsorption at quartz/water and water/air interfaces and the wettability of quartz

Ring-Patterned Perovskite Single Crystals Fabricated by the Combination of Rigid and Flexible Templates

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