The “Third-Victimization”: The Cybervictimization of Sexual Assault Survivors and Their Families

Abstract

Sexual assault has a devastating effect on survivors as well as their family and friends (i.e., secondary survivors). Research shows that survivors’ abilities to cope in the aftermath of sexual trauma are particularly difficult in the “internet” age. This struggle stems from the abilities of perpetrators to use cyberspace to abuse, harass, and threaten survivors vis-à-vis various cybercrimes: cyberstalking, cybersexual abuse, and cyberfraud. Indeed, a survivor in this study referred to the cybervictimizations as the “third-victimization” because it followed the sexual assault (first) and the “revictimization” experienced during the pursuit of justice (second). This article presents the results of semistructured interviews about the third-victimization of 48 female survivors and 89 secondary survivors, the family of the survivor. These results show that all primary and most secondary survivors (91%) experienced at least one third-victimization, with a majority experiencing multiple forms.

Exploring police attitudes on victims’ delayed reporting and victim blame in technology-facilitated IPV

“…The phenomenon of TFIPV has been primarily examined through the accounts of victims and support workers (Clevenger & Navarro, 2021;Flynn et al, 2023;Pina et al, 2021a;Short et al, 2015). Although the police have a key role in combating cybercrimes (Wall & Williams, 2013), and are expected to act with fairness and impartiality towards victims to ensure their support and the provision of compelling evidence during investigations (Bryant & Bryant, 2015), there is a paucity of evidence regarding police responses to TFIPV.…”