The Threat of Transboundary Zoonosis

Abstract

Global health security, economic stability, and biodiversity conservation are seriously threatened by transboundary zoonotic diseases, which are transmissible diseases that can transfer from animals to humans over international borders. Transboundary zoonoses have become more prevalent in recent years as a result of the intricate interactions between urbanization, the destruction of animal habitats, intensive agriculture, international commerce, and climate change. These diseases have the potential for fast worldwide spread and devastating effects, as shown by well-known examples like avian influenza, Ebola, and COVID-19. An interdisciplinary approach that integrates epidemiology, ecology, veterinary medicine, public health, and socio-political sciences is required to comprehend the dynamics of transboundary zoonoses. In order to prevent and contain epidemics, it is crucial to build early detection and surveillance systems as well as efficient response systems. Additionally, risk communication and community involvement are essential for promoting collaboration between authorities, medical specialists, academics, and the general public. A key area for the spread of zoonotic diseases is the intersection of wild and domestic animals with humans. The management of transboundary zoonoses is intimately related to efforts to conserve biodiversity, highlighting the need of preserving intact ecosystems and reducing human activities that result in habitat degradation and animal trafficking. Given that transboundary zoonoses have the capacity to cross borders and damage many countries at once, international cooperation is essential in combating them. In order to do this, it is necessary to coordinate response activities, share data, resources, and knowledge, as well as facilitate technology transfer and capacity development in underdeveloped areas. This chapter examines the idea of transboundary zoonosis, highlighting its effects on the environment, global collaboration, and the health of people and animals. This chapter attempts to offer insights into managing the complex danger of transboundary zoonoses by looking at case studies and talking about prevention and control techniques.