The three classes of wheat xylanase-inhibiting proteins accumulate in an analogous way during wheat ear development and germination

Croes, Evi; Gebruers, Kurt; Luyten, Nikkie; Delcour, Jan A.; Courtin, Christophe M.

doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2009.02.008

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The details of the mechanism of action of fungi and bacterial xylanases which could lead to such inhibition specificity were reviewed by Sunna and Antranikian [20]. Wheat XIP-I transcription can be induced by pathogens as well as by abiotic stress, such as wounding and methyl jasmonate treatment [21], although XIP-like genes are also expressed in tissues during growth and development of healthy wheat plants [22], as well as in response to pathogens [23]. In rice, three different XIPs were also induced by phytohormones and wounding in different tissues [24].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new chitinase-like xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP) from coffee (Coffea arabica) affects Soybean Asian rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) spore germination

et al. 2011

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BackgroundAsian rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) is a common disease in Brazilian soybean fields and it is difficult to control. To identify a biochemical candidate with potential to combat this disease, a new chitinase-like xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP) from coffee (Coffea arabica) (CaclXIP) leaves was cloned into the pGAPZα-B vector for expression in Pichia pastoris.ResultsA cDNA encoding a chitinase-like xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP) from coffee (Coffea arabica) (CaclXIP), was isolated from leaves. The amino acid sequence predicts a (β/α)8 topology common to Class III Chitinases (glycoside hydrolase family 18 proteins; GH18), and shares similarity with other GH18 members, although it lacks the glutamic acid residue essential for catalysis, which is replaced by glutamine. CaclXIP was expressed as a recombinant protein in Pichia pastoris. Enzymatic assay showed that purified recombinant CaclXIP had only residual chitinolytic activity. However, it inhibited xylanases from Acrophialophora nainiana by approx. 60% when present at 12:1 (w/w) enzyme:inhibitor ratio. Additionally, CaclXIP at 1.5 μg/μL inhibited the germination of spores of Phakopsora pachyrhizi by 45%.ConclusionsOur data suggests that CaclXIP belongs to a class of naturally inactive chitinases that have evolved to act in plant cell defence as xylanase inhibitors. Its role on inhibiting germination of fungal spores makes it an eligible candidate gene for the control of Asian rust.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new chitinase-like xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP) from coffee (Coffea arabica) affects Soybean Asian rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) spore germination

et al. 2011

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“…Mock‐treated wheat grain extracts were compared by 2‐D DIGE with the ones obtained from F. graminearum Δ Tri5 ‐infected samples to reveal differences in XI forms or levels induced by pathogenic pressure. As 1‐D immunoblotting of consecutive wheat grain developmental stages showed that the most important changes in XI levels occur from the water ripe to the soft dough stages 23, the temporal distribution of the individual XI (iso)forms and occurrence of post‐translational modifications were monitored early in grain development, i.e. at 5 (water ripe stage), 15 (milky stage), and 25 DPA (soft dough stage).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phytohormones methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid, two important signalling molecules in defence‐ and stress‐related pathways in plants 21, also affect the expression patterns of wheat XI genes in leaves 18–20. Most information on the transcriptomic level is hence on wheat leaves, while these tissues contain only limited levels of XI proteins compared with wheat kernels 22, 23. In addition, wheat kernels are the most important plant parts from an agricultural and industrial point of view, as they are used for production of bread, breakfast cereals, biscuits, cookies, cakes, pasta, etc .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the temporal accumulation of the individual XI forms in grains of consecutive kernel developmental stages could also be monitored. Using an immunoblot approach, we previously found that the three types of XIs accumulate at high levels between the milky (15 DPA) and the soft dough (25 DPA) stages of ear development, and reach the highest levels at the hard kernel stage 23. More detailed information on development of the individual XI (iso)forms is lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2‐D DIGE reveals changes in wheat xylanase inhibitor protein families due to Fusarium graminearum ΔTri5 infection and grain development

et al. 2010

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Wheat contains three different classes of proteinaceous xylanase inhibitors (XIs), i.e. Triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitors (TAXIs) xylanase-inhibiting proteins (XIPs), and thaumatin-like xylanase inhibitors (TLXIs) which are believed to act as a defensive barrier against phytopathogenic attack. In the absence of relevant data in wheat kernels, we here examined the response of the different members of the XI protein population to infection with a DeltaTri5 mutant of Fusarium graminearum, the wild type of which is one of the most important wheat ear pathogens, in early developing wheat grain. Wheat ears were inoculated at anthesis, analyzed using 2-D DIGE and multivariate analysis at 5, 15, and 25 days post anthesis (DPA), and compared with control samples. Distinct abundance patterns could be distinguished for different XI forms in response to infection with F. graminearum DeltaTri5. Some (iso)forms were up-regulated, whereas others were down-regulated. This pathogen-specific regulation of proteins was mostly visible at five DPA and levelled off in the samples situated further from the inoculation point. Furthermore, it was shown that most identified TAXI- and XIP-type XI (iso)forms significantly increased in abundance from the milky (15 DPA) to the soft dough stages (25 DPA) on a per kernel basis, although the extent of increase differed greatly. Non-glycosylated XIP forms increased more strongly than their glycosylated counterparts.

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“…This finding suggests that these proteins can play a role in the growth and development of plants. A signif-icant loss of inhibitor signals was observed in fourth day of germination (Croes et al, 2009b). Also, XIs exhibit different effectiveness against bacterial and fungal xylanases and also differ from each other by the mechanism of enzyme inhibition (Gebruers et al, 2001;Flatman et al, 2002;Dornez et al, 2010;Gusakov, 2010).…”

Section: Xylanase Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial xylanases and their inhibition by specific proteins in cereals

Chmelová

Škulcová

Ondrejovič

2019

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Arabinoxylans (AXs) belong to the components of plant cells which are mainly degraded by microbial xylanases during colonization of grain by phytopathogens. For the defence, cereals contain proteinaceous xylanase inhibitors (XIs), namely xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP), Triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor (TAXI) and thaumatin-like xylanase inhibitor (TLXI). Their presence in cereals in high levels can be a serious problem in different industrial applications. XIs regulate AX hydrolysis and participate in plant defence mechanisms. XIs have various specificity against microbial xylanases from the glycoside hydrolase (GH) families of GH10 and GH11. Therefore, this review brings new information about the function of XIs as defence responses to pathogen infection of plants and as a problem in plant material processing in different industrial applications.

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The three classes of wheat xylanase-inhibiting proteins accumulate in an analogous way during wheat ear development and germination

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

A new chitinase-like xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP) from coffee (Coffea arabica) affects Soybean Asian rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) spore germination

A new chitinase-like xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP) from coffee (Coffea arabica) affects Soybean Asian rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) spore germination

2‐D DIGE reveals changes in wheat xylanase inhibitor protein families due to Fusarium graminearum ΔTri5 infection and grain development

Microbial xylanases and their inhibition by specific proteins in cereals

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