The three-dimensional vestibulo-ocular reflex evoked by high-acceleration rotations in the squirrel monkey

Migliaccio, Americo A.; Schubert, Michael C.; Jiradejvong, Patpong; Lasker, David M.; Clendaniel, Richard A.; Minor, Lloyd B.

doi:10.1007/s00221-004-1974-2

Cited by 47 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…RALP axis rotations were delivered with the animal's torso positioned supine after its head was first reoriented to turn the nose 45°toward the right ear; a clockwise (viewed from above) motor rotation excited the left posterior SCC and inhibited the right anterior SCC. Unless otherwise noted, the polarity of eye velocity traces in all figures is kept consistent with a right-hand rule (with positive yaw, LARP, and RALP eye movements resulting from excitation of the right horizontal, LA, and LP canals, respectively (Migliaccio et al 2004)), while head velocity traces are inverted when needed to compare to the eye movement responses they elicit.…”

Section: Eye Movement Recording and Analysismentioning

confidence: 61%

“…The eye coil system we use to measure 3D angular eye position has been described in detail previously (Robinson 1963;Migliaccio et al 2004;Remmel 1984). A monkey was seated in a plastic chair with its head restrained atraumatically by the skull cap, with the head centered within three mutually orthogonal pairs of field-generating coils driven by currents oscillating at 79.4, 52.6, and 40.0 kHz.…”

Section: Eye Movement Recording and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Angular rotations were expressed as rotation vectors with LARP, RALP, and H coordinates with regard to the SCC-based coordinate system ( Fig. 1), and the angular velocity vectors of eye with respect to head were calculated from the corresponding rotation vectors (Haslwanter 1995;Migliaccio et al 2004;Hepp 1990). Briefly, we computed eye recoil frame angular position and angular velocity using rotation matrices, rotation vectors, and quaternions, transforming between these representations as required for computational efficiency using algebraic formulae well described in reviews and textbooks on rotational kinematics (e.g., Haslwanter 1995; Migliaccio et al 2004).…”

Section: Eye Movement Recording and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1), and the angular velocity vectors of eye with respect to head were calculated from the corresponding rotation vectors (Haslwanter 1995;Migliaccio et al 2004;Hepp 1990). Briefly, we computed eye recoil frame angular position and angular velocity using rotation matrices, rotation vectors, and quaternions, transforming between these representations as required for computational efficiency using algebraic formulae well described in reviews and textbooks on rotational kinematics (e.g., Haslwanter 1995; Migliaccio et al 2004). We took the plane perpendicular to the head restraint's axis as the mean horizontal SCC plane, and we approximated the mean LARP and RALP planes as being perpendicular to the mean horizontal SCC plane and 45°from the interaural axis.…”

Section: Eye Movement Recording and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For responses to transient whole-body rotations, we quantified VOR gain using "acceleration segment gain" G A , which is the mean ratio of eye/head speed about the axis of head rotation computed during the 1,000°/s 2 constant acceleration segment of the stimulus (Migliaccio et al 2004). For each trial, response latency was computed as the time difference between the zero-velocity intercept times for the bestfit lines approximating the constant acceleration segment of mean eye and head velocity traces.…”

Section: Eye Movement Recording and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Directional Plasticity Rapidly Improves 3D Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Alignment in Monkeys Using a Multichannel Vestibular Prosthesis

Dai

Fridman

Chiang

et al. 2013

JARO

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Bilateral loss of vestibular sensation can be disabling. We have shown that a multichannel vestibular prosthesis (MVP) can partly restore vestibular sensation as evidenced by improvements in the 3-dimensional angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (3D VOR). However, a key challenge is to minimize misalignment between the axes of eye and head rotation, which is apparently caused by current spread beyond each electrode's targeted nerve branch. We recently reported that rodents wearing a MVP markedly improve 3D VOR alignment during the first week after MVP activation, probably through the same central nervous system adaptive mechanisms that mediate cross-axis adaptation over time in normal individuals wearing prisms that cause visual scene movement about an axis different than the axis of head rotation. We hypothesized that rhesus monkeys would exhibit similar improvements with continuous prosthetic stimulation over time. We created bilateral vestibular deficiency in four rhesus monkeys via intratympanic injection of gentamicin. A MVP was mounted to the cranium, and eye movements in response to whole-body passive rotation in darkness were measured repeatedly over 1 week of continuous head motion-modulated prosthetic electrical stimulation. 3D VOR responses to whole-body rotations about each semicircular canal axis were measured on days 1, 3, and 7 of chronic stimulation. Horizontal VOR gain during 1 Hz, 50°/s peak whole-body rotations before the prosthesis was turned on was G0.1, which is profoundly below normal (0.94±0.12). On stimulation day 1, VOR gain was 0.4-0.8, but the axis of observed eye movements aligned poorly with head rotation (misalignment range ∼30-40°). Substantial improvement of axis misalignment was observed after 7 days of continuous motionmodulated prosthetic stimulation under normal diurnal lighting. Similar improvements were noted for all animals, all three axes of rotation tested, for all sinusoidal frequencies tested (0.05-5 Hz), and for high-acceleration transient rotations. VOR asymmetry changes did not reach statistical significance, although they did trend toward slight improvement over time. Prior studies had already shown that directional plasticity reduces misalignment when a subject with normal labyrinths views abnormal visual scene movement. Our results show that the converse is also true: individuals receiving misoriented vestibular sensation under normal viewing conditions rapidly adapt to restore a well-aligned 3D VOR. Considering the similarity of VOR physiology across primate species, similar effects are likely to occur in humans using a MVP to treat bilateral vestibular deficiency.

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Section: Eye Movement Recording and Analysismentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Eye Movement Recording and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%