The Thyroid in Pregnancy

Stoffer, R P; Koeneke, Irene A.; Chesky, V. E.; Hellwig, C. A.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(16)37076-4

Cited by 29 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The iodide loss tends to lower the circulating levels of inorganic iodide and induces, in turn, a compensatory increase in thyroidal iodide clearance, which reaches 60 ml/ min and is accompanied by an absolute elevation of iodide entry into the gland (75,76). These mechanisms indicate that the thyroidal activity is increased during pregnancy, as has been suggested by early studies using radiolabeled iodine administered to pregnant women, as well as histological studies of thyroid follicular cells obtained during pregnancy and showing marked functional activity (77)(78)(79).…”

Section: The Metabolism Of Iodinementioning

confidence: 76%

The Regulation of Thyroid Function in Pregnancy: Pathways of Endocrine Adaptation from Physiology to Pathology

1997

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: The Metabolism Of Iodinementioning

confidence: 76%

The Regulation of Thyroid Function in Pregnancy: Pathways of Endocrine Adaptation from Physiology to Pathology

1997

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The oldest study is of thyroid weight at autopsy in a large cohort of pregnant and non-pregnant women of similar age (11). All studies before 1987 are crosssectional (12-16) during the second or third trimester of pregnancy (not clearly stated in most studies) and compare data with those for non-pregnant (12)(13)(14)16) or historical (15) controls.…”

Section: Study Design and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid size and thyroid function during pregnancy: an analysis

Berghout

Wiersinga²

1998

European Journal of Endocrinology

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An analysis of all available studies of thyroid size and function in pregnancy reveals that thyroid size, estimated by inspection and palpation or measured more accurately by ultrasonography, increases in pregnancy in areas of iodine deficiency but not in those with sufficient iodine. The increase in average thyroid size is within the normal range, and can partly be prevented by treatment with extra iodine or thyroxine.There is a slight transient increase in free thyroxine in the first trimester, probably as a result of physiological stimulation of thyroid function by human choriogonadotrophin. These levels then decrease by about 30% to low normal values in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy in both iodine-depleted and -replete areas. These changes resemble those of non-thyroidal illness and may well play a role in reducing energy expenditure during pregnancy.The increase in thyroid size in iodine-deficient areas is probably due to autoregulatory mechanisms of iodine on thyroid growth. The hypothesis is supported by the fact that, during pregnancy, thyroid volume and thyroid function adapt in a physiological way to meet the increased demands for iodine and energy.

show abstract

“…[9][10][11][12][13] One cautions that FNA interpretation is complicated by the ''physiologic hyperplasia'' that occurs in pregnancy. 11 Stoffer et al, 14 examining histologic sections of thyroid glands from pregnant women (65 from autopsies and 27 from surgical excisions of goitrous glands), reported ''large follicles with abundant colloid and at the same time definite signs of cellular hypertrophy.'' Occasional focal cellular proliferations were described.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%