The time-course of changes in renal tissue composition during lysine vasopressin infusion in the rat

Hai, M. A.; Thomas, Sophie

doi:10.1007/bf00587241

Cited by 92 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The changes in the renal tissue concentrations of ammonia and potassium show no consistent trends; however, since only small, statistically non-significant changes in the papillary contents of these solutes were observed, any differences merely appear to reflect changes in renal tissue water content (Fig. 3), as reported by others (Hai & Thomas, 1969;. The most profound changes in tissue concentration were those for urea.…”

Section: Renal Tissuementioning

confidence: 48%

Collecting duct flow rate as a determinant of equilibration between urine and renal papilla in the rat in the presence of a maximal antidiuretic hormone concentration

Lote¹,

Snape²

1977

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) was infused into normal male rats at a rate of 60 flu./min. 100 g body wt., to maintain an effectively constant maximal circulating level. Four groups of rats were used; they were waterloaded by receiving together with the ADH, i.v. infusions of hypotonic dextrose (2.5 g/100 ml.) at different rates (1.0, 4-5, 9-0 and 12 ml./hr, respectively), over an infusion period of 4 hr.2. Urine flow rate increased in all groups, the rate and extent of the increase being related to the volume rate of infusion. The differences in urine flow rates between the four groups were due almost entirely to increases in free water clearance, with no consistent differences in osmolal clearance between the groups. At the end of the 4 hr infusion period, osmolal clearances were closely similar in the four groups.3. Papillary and medullary tissue solute concentrations were progressively reduced at the higher rates of infusion. The changes were due to small increases in the water content, together with a profound decrease in urea concentration and a smaller decrease in sodium concentration. However, papillary osmolality was consistently higher than urine osmolality at the three highest rates of dextrose infusion.4. As urine flow rate increased, there was a progressive reduction in the degree of osmotic equilibration between the final urine and the papillary tip. For urea, however, the degree of equilibration remained high.5. It is concluded that, in the rat, the rate of flow per se, along the collecting duct, is an important determinant of final urine concentration; even if there is an osmotic driving force for water re-absorption in the renal medulla, and the collecting duct walls are permeable to water, osmotic equilibration is restricted by tubular flow rate.

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Section: Renal Tissuementioning

confidence: 48%

Collecting duct flow rate as a determinant of equilibration between urine and renal papilla in the rat in the presence of a maximal antidiuretic hormone concentration

Lote¹,

Snape²

1977

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Numerous investigators have observed that the increase in medullary solute concentration seen in antidiuresis as compared with water diuresis, is a consequence of an increased solute content as well as a reduced water content (2,3,(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). By using graded doses of lysine-vasopressin, Atherton et al (3) further observed that the reduction in free water clearance occurred at a lower dose ofthe hormone than that required to increase medullary solute content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of AVP on hydraulic water pertneability (Lp) was examined by adding raffinose to the bathing medium in both the INTRODUCTION It is well established that vasopressin administration results in the production of a concentrated urine by increasing the water permeability of the collecting tubule system, thereby allowing osmotic equilibration between the luminal fluid and the hypertonic papillary interstitium (1). However, several investigators have suggested that vasopressin might have a second site of action that results in the accumulation of medullary solute and thereby increases the osmotic gradient for fluid absorption (2,3). Support for this thesis has come from studies demonstrating a vasopressin-sensitive adenyl cyclase in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop of the rabbit (4), the rat (5), and the mouse (6), although the functional significance of the arginine vasopressin (AVP)-induced' increase in adenyl cyclase activity could not be assessed.…”

Section: Abstract Medullary Thick Ascending Limbs Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of vasopressin on electrical potential difference and chloride transport in mouse medullary thick ascending limb of Henle's loop.

Hall¹,

Varney²

1980

J. Clin. Invest.

164

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A B S T R A C T Medullary thick ascending limbs ofHenle's loop of the Swiss-Webster mouse were perfused in vitro with an isotonic perfusate and a Ringer's bathing medium. In five studies, addition of a supramaximal concentration of synthetic arginine vasopressin (AVP) to the bathing medium resulted in an increase in electrical potential difference (PD) from 5.0±1.5 mV, lumen positive, to 10.7±1.4 mV (P < 0.001). When AVP was removed, the PD returned to 2.6±0.9 mV (P < 0.001), then increased again to 6.9±1.7 mV (P < 0.01) when AVP was added a second time. A significant, but submaximal, increase in PD of 2.3±0.6 mV (P < 0.05) was observed in five medullary thick ascending limbs when AVP was added to the bathing medium at a concentration of 10 AU/ml. This increase was approximately one-third of the response observed at a concentration of 100 ,uU/ml in the same tubule. No further increment in PD was observed in five medullary thick ascending limbs when the AVP concentration was increased from 100 to 1,000 ,uU/ml. In seven thick ascending limbs, the effect of AVP on PD was reproduced by the addition of 8-[p-chlorophenylthio]-cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate to the bathing medium at a final concentration of 0.1 mM. AVP increased unidirectional chloride flux from lumen to bath from 29.3±3.2 to 69.8±6.2 peq/cm per s (P < 0.01) in spite of an increase in the lumen positive PD from 1.6±0.5 mV to 7.0+0.6 mV (P < 0.001). Unidirectional chloride flux from bath to lumen was not affected by AVP. In another series of experiments, net chloride flux increased from 15.6±3.0 to 41.7±5.3 peq/cm per s (P < 0.05) after addition of AVP. The effect of AVP on hydraulic water pertneability (Lp) was examined by adding raffinose to the bathing medium in both the

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“…This urine-concentrating process involves generation of a gradient of increasing osmolality along the renal medulla from the corticomedullary junction to the tip of the papilla (as illustrated for the rat kidney in Figure 1) (1)(2)(3). This osmotic gradient is formed by the accumulation of solutes, primarily NaCl and urea, in the cells, interstitium, tubules, and vessels of the medulla (4)(5)(6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urine-Concentrating Mechanism in the Inner Medulla

Dantzler

Layton

et al. 2014

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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SummaryThe ability of mammals to produce urine hyperosmotic to plasma requires the generation of a gradient of increasing osmolality along the medulla from the corticomedullary junction to the papilla tip. Countercurrent multiplication apparently establishes this gradient in the outer medulla, where there is substantial transepithelial reabsorption of NaCl from the water-impermeable thick ascending limbs of the loops of Henle. However, this process does not establish the much steeper osmotic gradient in the inner medulla, where there are no thick ascending limbs of the loops of Henle and the water-impermeable ascending thin limbs lack active transepithelial transport of NaCl or any other solute. The mechanism generating the osmotic gradient in the inner medulla remains an unsolved mystery, although it is generally considered to involve countercurrent flows in the tubules and vessels. A possible role for the three-dimensional interactions between these inner medullary tubules and vessels in the concentrating process is suggested by creation of physiologic models that depict the threedimensional relationships of tubules and vessels and their solute and water permeabilities in rat kidneys and by creation of mathematical models based on biologic phenomena. The current mathematical model, which incorporates experimentally determined or estimated solute and water flows through clearly defined tubular and interstitial compartments, predicts a urine osmolality in good agreement with that observed in moderately antidiuretic rats. The current model provides substantially better predictions than previous models; however, the current model still fails to predict urine osmolalities of maximally concentrating rats.

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The time-course of changes in renal tissue composition during lysine vasopressin infusion in the rat

Cited by 92 publications

References 37 publications

Collecting duct flow rate as a determinant of equilibration between urine and renal papilla in the rat in the presence of a maximal antidiuretic hormone concentration

Collecting duct flow rate as a determinant of equilibration between urine and renal papilla in the rat in the presence of a maximal antidiuretic hormone concentration

Effect of vasopressin on electrical potential difference and chloride transport in mouse medullary thick ascending limb of Henle's loop.

Urine-Concentrating Mechanism in the Inner Medulla

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