“…Seismic time-lapse signals are sensitive to changes in subsurface elastic properties, where changes due to contrasts in both saturation and pressure are important for CO 2 monitoring. Discrimination between saturation and pressure effects is discussed, e.g., in [16,33,47,58,68,73,74]. Obtaining reliable saturation and pressure estimates from AVO data can be difficult, due to data and modelling errors, poor conditioning of the linearized AVO system, and significant uncertainties in the petroelastic model.…”