The tissue penetration, as measured by a blister technique, and pharmacokinetics of cefsulodin compared with carbenicillin and ticarcillin

The In Vitro Activity, Human Pharmacology, and Clinical Effectiveness of New beta-Lactam Antibiotics

“…Following a 2 g IV bolus dose, serum levels of 121 JLg/ml are present for the first hour and levels of 40 JLg/ml for the second and third hours. The compound enters interstitial fluid, producing levels of 15 JLg/ml 2 hours after a 1 g IV dose (140). About 70% of a dose is excreted in the urine.…”

Therapeutic drug monitoring in the past 40 years of the Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

“…This started with reports describing their use in plasma pharmacokinetics of existing and the rapidly increasing number of new agents, but by the mid-1980s the focus had expanded to include studies of antimicrobial penetration into extra vascular sites 10 . While some of these studies addressed surrogates of penetration, such as the blister fluid or implanted thread methods, as frequently reported by Wise and colleagues 11 , increasingly the focus changed to penetration into tissues recovered during routine operations; particularly bone 12 . Most of the published studies reported data for low subject numbers (typically 5-10 subjects) and rarely presented information to support validation of the assay system.…”