The  TLR2  and  TLR4  gene polymorphisms in Moroccan visceral leishmaniasis patients

Ejghal, Rajaa; Hida, M.; Bennani, Mounya Lahkim; Meziane, Mariame; Aurag, Rabia; Lemrani, Meryem

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.02.020

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…TLR4 gene has four exons and is located on chromosome 9q33.1 in humans. TLR4 Thr399Ile polymorphism is shown to exert protection against visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Mediterranean basin [412]. While g.13726T > C and g.15090G > A genetic polymorphisms of TLR4 gene make Chinese Han Population more susceptible to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [413].…”

Section: Tlr Polymorphism In Humans and Their Disease Associationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toll-like receptors in immunity and inflammatory diseases: Past, present, and future

Kumar

2018

International Immunopharmacology

529

346

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The immune system is a very diverse system of the host that evolved during evolution to cope with various pathogens present in the vicinity of environmental surroundings inhabited by multicellular organisms ranging from achordates to chordates (including humans). For example, cells of immune system express various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that detect danger via recognizing specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and mount a specific immune response. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one of these PRRs expressed by various immune cells. However, they were first discovered in the Drosophila melanogaster (common fruit fly) as genes/proteins important in embryonic development and dorso-ventral body patterning/polarity. Till date, 13 different types of TLRs (TLR1-TLR13) have been discovered and described in mammals since the first discovery of TLR4 in humans in late 1997. This discovery of TLR4 in humans revolutionized the field of innate immunity and thus the immunology and host-pathogen interaction. Since then TLRs are found to be expressed on various immune cells and have been targeted for therapeutic drug development for various infectious and inflammatory diseases including cancer. Even, Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among various TLR genes have been identified among the different human population and their association with susceptibility/resistance to certain infections and other inflammatory diseases. Thus, in the present review the current and future importance of TLRs in immunity, their pattern of expression among various immune cells along with TLR based therapeutic approach is reviewed.

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Section: Tlr Polymorphism In Humans and Their Disease Associationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toll-like receptors in immunity and inflammatory diseases: Past, present, and future

Kumar

2018

International Immunopharmacology

529

346

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“…Recently, Ejghal et al also demonstrated the possible association of TLR4 Asp299Gly, TLR4 Thr399Ile and TLR2 Arg753Gln polymorphisms with VL in Moroccan children. 26 They recruited 119 children with VL caused by Leishmania infantum as well as 138 unrelated children, 95 asymptomatic cases and 43 healthy controls who had no indication of present or prior infection. Their results showed significant differences in genotype Thr399Ile and recessive model frequencies between the VL and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTHþ) groups respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

TLR4 and TLR9 polymorphism: Probable role in susceptibility among the population of Bihar for Indian visceral leishmaniasis

Mandal

Kumar

et al. 2021

Innate Immun

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Genetic variations in the host TLRs genes play an important role in susceptibility and/or resistance to visceral leishmaniasis by altering the host-pathogen interaction. In this study, we investigated the association between polymorphisms of TLR4 (Asp299Gly, Thr399Ile) and TLR-9 (T-1237C), with susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis. A bi-directional PCR amplification of specific alleles technique was used to characterize the distribution of TLR4 (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) and TLR9 (T-1237C) polymorphisms. A total of 60 samples were randomly selected from confirmed visceral leishmaniasis patients and 24 endemic healthy volunteers. The samples were genotyped and allele frequencies were determined. We observed that TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile genotypes were more frequent in visceral leishmaniasis patients (10% and 15% respectively) compared to controls (4.2% and 8.3% respectively). However, the differences were not significant in TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile alleles and genotypes. In the case of TLR9, we observed the frequency of T1237C genotype was higher in visceral leishmaniasis patients (43.3%) than in healthy controls (33.3%). Statistically significant differences were observed in TLR9 T1237C alleles and genotypes. We concluded that TLR9 T1237C, but not TLR4, gene polymorphisms can be regarded as contributors to visceral leishmaniasis susceptibility among the Indian population of Bihar state.

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The potential role of toll-like receptor 4 Asp299Gly polymorphism and its association with recurrent cystic echinococcosis in postoperative patients

et al. 2018

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The study of pathogenesis mechanisms of larval stages in the Taeniidae has recently focused on host genetic factors, particularly toll-like receptor (TLR) variations. However, the potential role of TLR4 polymorphism in hydatidosis has not yet been sufficiently elucidated in postoperative patients. In this case-control investigation, 80 patients from Iran, including 40 with acute hydatidosis (AH) and 40 with recurrent hydatidosis (RH), and 80 ethnically matched controls were evaluated from February 2015 to February 2017. Hydatidosis patients were confirmed using radiological, immunological, and histopathological examinations. Genotyping of Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile of TLR4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms was determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism, sequencing, and phylogenetic strategies. The heterozygous mutant-type TLR4 Asp299Gly genotype indicated a tendency to be associated with the occurrence of RH (P = 0.060) and conferred a 3-fold risk for susceptibility. There was no difference in genotype frequency of Asp299Gly between patients with AH and healthy controls (P = 0.42; OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 0.11-30.1%). Interestingly, a frequency of the G allele (12%: Gly) was observed to be a risk factor for susceptibility to RH patients (P = 0.050; OR, 7.08; 95% CI, 0.97-51.5%). A relative genetic variability of TLR4 Asp299Gly was found in RH patients (haplotype diversity: 0.700) compared to AH patients and healthy controls (Hd: 0.000). The Asp299Gly genotype was dominantly identified in patients with hepatic hydatid cysts. The TLR4 Thr399Ile codon was not detected except in a patient with a pulmonary hydatid cyst. The current findings enhance our knowledge regarding the TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphism potentially leading to the development of RH, by skewing the immune system towards a Th2 response. Identification of the Asp299Gly codon may be a diagnostic hallmark in RH patients who have undergone unsuccessful postoperative intervention. However, further studies with a higher case number are needed on ethnic population from various geographic regions, in order to confirm this hypothesis.

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The TLR2 and TLR4 gene polymorphisms in Moroccan visceral leishmaniasis patients

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Toll-like receptors in immunity and inflammatory diseases: Past, present, and future

Toll-like receptors in immunity and inflammatory diseases: Past, present, and future

TLR4 and TLR9 polymorphism: Probable role in susceptibility among the population of Bihar for Indian visceral leishmaniasis

The potential role of toll-like receptor 4 Asp299Gly polymorphism and its association with recurrent cystic echinococcosis in postoperative patients

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