The Tolerance of Guinea Pigs to Air Blast When Mounted in Shallow, Deep, and Deep-With-Offset Chambers on a Shock Tube

Richmond, Donald R.; Clare, Victor R.; White, Clayton S.

doi:10.21236/ad0293872

Cited by 2 publications

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“…At least the figures at hand, tentative though they may be and subject to future revision as additional data become available, are currently the best that can be set forth. 41 are as yet incomplete. Though the P50 may be increased by as much as 50 percent for smaller mammalian species, insufficient data on larger species make it imprudent to formulate any estimates for the human case.…”

Section: Tentative Estimates For Manmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Environmental Medical Aspects of Nuclear Blast

White¹,

Bowen²,

Richmond³

1962

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FOREWORDThis study -describing the critical nature of selected blast-produced injuries, the development of tentative biological criteria for different levels of blast and other hazards, and the application of these criteria to nuclear explosions -stemmed from prior research in two broad areas; namely, investigations concerning the Biological Effects of Blast from Bombs carried out for the Defense Atomic Support Agency of the Department of Defense and work dealing with Selected Aspects of Weapons Effects pursued for the Civil Effects Branch of the Division of Biology and Medicine of the Atomic Energy Commission. The material was presented before the National Preparedness Symposium sponsored by the National Institute of Disaster Mobilization held November 13-15, 1962 at the International Inn in Washington, D. C.The data, incorporating a comparative assessment of the range-yield relationship for selected "immediate" hazards due to blast phenomena as well as those due to nuclear and thermal radiation, are useful to personsmilitary and civilians alike -who would develop a balanced understanding of all the environmental variations which follow low-and high-yield nuclear detonations. Since the range of each major biological effect scales differently with yield and depends greatly upon the conditions of exposure, the relative quantitation of casualty potential is far from a straightforward matter. Too, because the biological criteria developed and employed were in many instances the result of extrapolations of interspecies mammalian studies, they must be used cautiously, regarded as tentative and subject to future refinement. Finally, the material presented should be viewed as a "sample" of the analytical fabric now available to help tie the source of nuclear-induced environmental variations quantitatively together with various biological responses upon which the assessment of different levels of hazard depends. ABSTRACTThe nature of certain critical lesions seen after exposure to air blast was described and the early lethality characterizing primary and tertiary blast damage was emphasized along with the seriousness of injuries caused by blast-energized debris. Tentative criteria were developed to the end that different levels of environmental variations caused by blast phenomena could be quantitatively related to various levels of biological response. Using the "free-field" scaling laws and a mathematical model whereby translational velocities could be computed for animate and inanimate objects, the criteria were applied to nuclear explosions ranging in yield from 1 kt to 100 Mt. Thus, it was possible to specify, as a function of yield, the hazard ranges inside which various blast injuries might occur. At these ranges the associated levels of initial nuclear and thermal radiation were computed to allow at least some assessment of the relative importance of all the major hazards from nuclear detonations.

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Section: Tentative Estimates For Manmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Environmental Medical Aspects of Nuclear Blast

White¹,

Bowen²,

Richmond³

1962

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The Scope of Blast and Shock Biology and Problem Areas in Relating Physical and Biological Parameters*

White

1968

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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A few introductory remarks were followed by a brief discussion of the nature of hazards from air blast noting those due (a) directly to variations in pressure and (b) indirectly to the impact of penetrating " and nonpenetrating, blast-energized missiles and the consequences of whole body displacement due to blast-induced winds or ground shock. The need for developing biomedical criteria based -pon critical and measurable biological responses following exposure to significant and monitorable physical parameters was discussed in relation to hazards pqsessment. Also the multifaceted problem of tying up such information with blast-induced variations in the environmc'it thptZur free-field and under various conditions of exposure was noted and emphasized.

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The Tolerance of Guinea Pigs to Air Blast When Mounted in Shallow, Deep, and Deep-With-Offset Chambers on a Shock Tube

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

The Environmental Medical Aspects of Nuclear Blast

The Environmental Medical Aspects of Nuclear Blast

The Scope of Blast and Shock Biology and Problem Areas in Relating Physical and Biological Parameters*

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