The Toll of a TLR1 polymorphism in Lyme disease: A tale of mice and men

Abstract

In the nearly quarter‐century since the first international symposium on Marfan syndrome, enormous progress has been achieved in clinical, translational, and basic research. The 8th symposium, at the end of 2010, provides a useful summary of the current status of investigations, reveals why life‐expectancy has improved so markedly during the past 30 years, and lays out a clear path for future endeavors, not only in Marfan syndrome, but in the expanding array of conditions related either through phenotype or pathogenesis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Transcriptome Assessment of Erythema Migrans Skin Lesions in Patients With Early Lyme Disease Reveals Predominant Interferon Signaling

“…Detection by pattern recognition molecules (PRMs) of the innate immune response is the first line of defense against invading microbes. Our data show upregulation of TLR1 and TLR2, which are known to be necessary for optimal recognition of the spirochete by phagocytes [15,16]. Also upregulated were PTX3 (pentraxin 3), C1QB (complement component 1, q subcomponent, B chain), and FCN1 (ficolin-1), which are part of the humoral arm of innate immunity [17].…”

Toll-like receptor cascade and gene polymorphism in host–pathogen interaction in Lyme disease

“…The status of antibiotic-refractory Lyme arthritis occurs when there is persistence of synovitis for at least 3 months after antibiotic treatment, despite expulsion of viable B. burgdorferi from the affected area. 98 …”

The Potential of Omics Technologies in Lyme Disease Biomarker Discovery and Early Detection

“…TLR2 Arg753Gln polymorphism, however, provided protection against the development of late disease stage [64]. PBMCs with TLR1 Arg80Thr, Asn248Ser, and Ile602Ser and TLR6 Ser249Pro had a significantly lower synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines compared to their wild-type counterparts [65]. …”

“…Patients with antibiotic-refractory arthritis had ~two-fold higher frequency of TLR1 Ile602Ser (T1805G) compared to those with EM (OR = 1.9; p  = 0.05) [63]. This status of antibiotic-refractory Lyme arthritis occurs when there is persistence of synovitis for at least 3 months after antibiotic treatment, despite expulsion of viable B. burgdorferi from the affected area [65]. Similarly, SNPs in TLR8 were proposed to lead to immunodeficiency syndromes and may be associated with an increased risk of severe clinical manifestations following B. burgdorferi infection [66, 67].…”