2011
DOI: 10.1016/j.scient.2011.08.020
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The tongue display unit (TDU) for electrotactile spatiotemporal pattern presentation

Abstract: The Tongue Display Unit (TDU) is a 144-channel programmable pulse generator that delivers dc-balanced voltage pulses suitable for electrotactile (electrocutaneous) stimulation of the anterior-dorsal tongue, through a matrix of surface electrodes. This article reviews the theory of operation and a design overview of the TDU, as well as selected applications. These include sensory substitution, tactile information display and neurorehabilitation via induced neuroplasticity.

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Cited by 69 publications
(61 citation statements)
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“…Stimulation to the tongue was delivered via a small electrode array placed on the anterior portion of the tongue and held in place by pressure of the tongue to the roof of the mouth (Kaczmarek, 2011;Tyler et al, 2003). The sensation…”
Section: Tongue Stimulationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Stimulation to the tongue was delivered via a small electrode array placed on the anterior portion of the tongue and held in place by pressure of the tongue to the roof of the mouth (Kaczmarek, 2011;Tyler et al, 2003). The sensation…”
Section: Tongue Stimulationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As people walk in museums, they want to learn more about art objects. Several papers demonstrate the effectiveness of multi-sensory stimulation during learning experience for better understanding (Kaczmarek, 2010;3DPhotoWorks, 2015;Ucar, 2015;Logsdon, 2017). In recent years, daily life involves constant multisensory stimulation and many multi-sensory solutions are used everywhere with latest technologies such as electronic musical instruments (Takeuchi, 1996), interactive art which is a type of art involving audiences into the artwork (Yasuaki Kakehi Laboratory, 2009;TASKO.inc, 2015;TATE, 2017) and technologies for marketing (Taste and Aroma Strategic Research Institute, 2012;Kubota, 2016).…”
Section: Figure 2 Areas Of Our Background Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…tongue [32], hands/arms [13], or abdomen [33]. Since the hands and fingertips have high neural density, they are often studied for delivering haptic information to the brain via electro-neural stimulation [34].…”
Section: Electrotactile Feedback Devicesmentioning
confidence: 99%