The topography of the scalp-recorded visual N700

Bender, Stephan; Oelkers-Ax, Rieke; Hellwig, Stefanie; Resch, Franz; Weisbrod, Matthias

doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2007.11.008

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Blink potentials are mainly caused by currents flowing from the positively charged cornea to the anterior forehead when the eyelids slide down (Matsuo et al, 1975;Antervo et al, 1985). Thus, blinks produce a slightly lower negativity below and a stronger positivity above the eye (Picton et al, 2000;Bender et al, 2008). During early TMS-evoked N100 (60-110 ms), the frontopolar positivity was accompanied by a smaller infraorbital negativity, a hint towards time-locked blinks in response to the TMS (single trial example in Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Source Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical inhibition in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: new insights from the electroencephalographic response to transcranial magnetic stimulation

Bruckmann

Hauk

Roessner

et al. 2012

Brain

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most frequent neuropsychiatric disorders in childhood. Transcranial magnetic stimulation studies based on muscle responses (motor-evoked potentials) suggested that reduced motor inhibition contributes to hyperactivity, a core symptom of the disease. Here we employed the N100 component of the electroencephalographic response to transcranial magnetic stimulation as a novel marker for a direct assessment of cortical inhibitory processes, which has not been examined in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder so far. We further investigated to what extent affected children were able to regulate motor cortical inhibition, and whether effects of age on the electroencephalographic response to transcranial magnetic stimulation were compatible with either a delay in brain maturation or a qualitatively different development. N100 amplitude evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation and its age-dependent development were assessed in 20 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and 19 healthy control children (8-14 years) by 64-channel electroencephalography. Amplitude and latency of the N100 component were compared at rest, during response preparation in a forewarned motor reaction time task and during movement execution. The amplitude of the N100 component at rest was significantly lower and its latency tended to be shorter in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Only in controls, N100 amplitude to transcranial magnetic stimulation was reduced by response preparation. During movement execution, N100 amplitude decreased while motor evoked potential amplitudes showed facilitation, indicating that the electroencephalographic response to transcranial magnetic stimulation provides further information on cortical excitability independent of motor evoked potential amplitudes and spinal influences. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder showed a smaller N100 amplitude reduction during movement execution compared with control children. The N100 amplitude evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation decreased with increasing age in both groups. The N100 reduction in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder at all ages suggests a qualitative difference rather than delayed development of cortical inhibition in this disease. Findings further suggest that top-down control of motor cortical inhibition is reduced in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. We conclude that evoked potentials in response to transcranial magnetic stimulation are a promising new marker of cortical inhibition in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during childhood.

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Section: Source Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical inhibition in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: new insights from the electroencephalographic response to transcranial magnetic stimulation

Bruckmann

Hauk

Roessner

et al. 2012

Brain

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“…While frontal potentials have been associated with orienting and recruitment of resources for task performance [9], [10], modality-specific encoding in visual areas during the same time interval has been proposed to represent an important short-term memory buffer [5], [6]. This late negativity over occipito-temporal areas occurs about half a second after single visual, but not auditory or somatosensory stimuli [11], [12]. Both timing and topography thus distinguish this postprocessing component from components related to cognitive or motor preparation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both timing and topography thus distinguish this postprocessing component from components related to cognitive or motor preparation. The prolonged modality-dependent processing despite the short stimulus duration of 150 ms (referred to here as ‘post-processing’ [11], [12], [14], [15], [16]) is particularly important because the effective selection of relevant aspects of a stimulus often depends on the completion of stimulus perception and evaluation. In the case of short-lasting stimuli, the selective working memory encoding of relevant stimulus characteristics must thus take place after the end of the perceptual stimulation, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…during the post-processing interval. Automatic attention capture by single stimuli is sufficient to evoke this visual post-processing and working memory encoding even without an explicit memory task [11], [12]. This equivalent of early CNV in paired stimulus tasks has been termed N700 when evoked by single stimuli [11], [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Automatic attention capture by single stimuli is sufficient to evoke this visual post-processing and working memory encoding even without an explicit memory task [11], [12]. This equivalent of early CNV in paired stimulus tasks has been termed N700 when evoked by single stimuli [11], [12]. Post-processing which exceeds the stimulus duration or initial stimulus perception (respectively movement execution) occurs over modality-dependent areas following short visual stimuli [6], [13], movements [14], [15], somatosensory stimuli [16], and auditory stimuli [5], [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time-Resolved Influences of Functional DAT1 and COMT Variants on Visual Perception and Post-Processing

et al. 2012

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BackgroundDopamine plays an important role in orienting and the regulation of selective attention to relevant stimulus characteristics. Thus, we examined the influences of functional variants related to dopamine inactivation in the dopamine transporter (DAT1) and catechol-O-methyltransferase genes (COMT) on the time-course of visual processing in a contingent negative variation (CNV) task.Methods64-channel EEG recordings were obtained from 195 healthy adolescents of a community-based sample during a continuous performance task (A-X version). Early and late CNV as well as preceding visual evoked potential components were assessed.ResultsSignificant additive main effects of DAT1 and COMT on the occipito-temporal early CNV were observed. In addition, there was a trend towards an interaction between the two polymorphisms. Source analysis showed early CNV generators in the ventral visual stream and in frontal regions. There was a strong negative correlation between occipito-temporal visual post-processing and the frontal early CNV component. The early CNV time interval 500–1000 ms after the visual cue was specifically affected while the preceding visual perception stages were not influenced.ConclusionsLate visual potentials allow the genomic imaging of dopamine inactivation effects on visual post-processing. The same specific time-interval has been found to be affected by DAT1 and COMT during motor post-processing but not motor preparation. We propose the hypothesis that similar dopaminergic mechanisms modulate working memory encoding in both the visual and motor and perhaps other systems.

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Electrophysiological signatures of visual statistical learning in 3‐month‐old infants at familial and low risk for autism spectrum disorder

Marin

Hutman

Ponting

et al. 2020

Developmental Psychobiology

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Visual statistical learning (VSL) refers to the ability to extract associations and conditional probabilities within the visual environment. It may serve as a precursor to cognitive and social communication development. Quantifying VSL in infants at familial risk (FR) for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) provides opportunities to understand how genetic predisposition can influence early learning processes which may, in turn, lay a foundation for cognitive and social communication delays. We examined electroencephalography (EEG) signatures of VSL in 3‐month‐old infants, examining whether EEG correlates of VSL differentiated FR from low‐risk (LR) infants. In an exploratory analysis, we then examined whether EEG correlates of VSL at 3 months relate to cognitive function and ASD symptoms at 18 months. Infants were exposed to a continuous stream of looming shape pairs with varying probability that the shapes would occur in sequence (high probability‐deterministic condition; low probability‐probabilistic condition). EEG was time‐locked to shapes based on their transitional probabilities. EEG analysis examined group‐level characteristics underlying specific components, including the late frontal positivity (LFP) and N700 responses. FR infants demonstrated increased LFP and N700 response to the probabilistic condition, whereas LR infants demonstrated increased LFP and N700 response to the deterministic condition. LFP at 3 months predicted 18‐month visual reception skills and not ASD symptoms. Our findings thus provide evidence for distinct VSL processes in FR and LR infants as early as 3 months. Atypical pattern learning in FR infants may lay a foundation for later delays in higher level, nonverbal cognitive skills, and predict ASD symptoms well before an ASD diagnosis is made.

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The topography of the scalp-recorded visual N700

Cited by 18 publications

References 64 publications

Cortical inhibition in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: new insights from the electroencephalographic response to transcranial magnetic stimulation

Cortical inhibition in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: new insights from the electroencephalographic response to transcranial magnetic stimulation

Time-Resolved Influences of Functional DAT1 and COMT Variants on Visual Perception and Post-Processing

Electrophysiological signatures of visual statistical learning in 3‐month‐old infants at familial and low risk for autism spectrum disorder

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