The topography of three-dimensional exploration: a new quantification of vertical and horizontal exploration, postural support, and exploratory bouts in the cylinder test

Effect of long-term aspartame (artificial sweetener) on anxiety, locomotor activity and emotionality behavior in Wistar Albino rats

“…So, probably the altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) may be a cause behind the aspartame-treated animals in the open field. As exploratory behavior in the rat provides a possibility to investigate the neural basis of spatial and motor behavior, which can be used as an assay of brain function [43], the current observation indirectly refer that aspartame affects the brain and thereby behavior.…”

Methods for behavioral testing of spinal cord injured rats

“…Although Eshkol-Wachmann notation is not a quantitative method, it has proven useful as a screening device to identify movement differences, which can subsequently be quantified with other tests (Muir and Webb, 2000;Whishaw and Pellis, 1990;Whishaw et al, 1993). It has been also used for evaluating exploratory behavior in rats during the cylinder test (Gharbawie et al, 2004).…”

The Brain as the Engine of Sex Differences in the Organization of Movement in Rats

“…To test for movements that involve raising the body vertically upwards, the pattern of rearing that rats employ when in a confined space was analyzed (Gharbawie, Whishaw, & Whishaw, 2004). In this task, there were no significant sex differences in the overall number of times that males and females reared or in the time intervals between bouts of rearing; rather, what was sexually dimorphic were the stepping patterns of the hind-paws.…”