The TOR Complex 1 Is Distributed in Endosomes and in Retrograde Vesicles That Form from the Vacuole Membrane and Plays an Important Role in the Vacuole Import and Degradation Pathway

Brown, C. Randell; Hung, Guo Chiuan; Dunton, Danielle; Chiang, Hung‐Lung

doi:10.1074/jbc.m109.075143

Cited by 30 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In contrast, when glucose was added to cells that were starved for 3 d, FBPase degradation was impaired. This indicates that while vacuole proteinases are not essential for FBPase degradation in 1 d starved cells, they are essential for cells starved for 3 d. More significantly, our lab has recently demonstrated that other gluconeogenesis enzymes such as MDH2, Pck1p and Icl1p also share the same degradation characteristics as FBPase [29,30] .…”

Section: Degradation Of Gluconeogenic Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The bound material was subjected to MALDI analysis. This facilitated in identifying Tco89p among other cellular protein candidates [30] . Tco89p is a component of the TORC1 which is also comprised of Tor1p, Kog1p and Lst8p [53,54] .…”

Section: The Tor Complex 1 Interacts With Multiple Cargo Proteins Tarmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This type of inactivation is termed catabolite inactivation [26,27] . Additionally, it has been determined that other gluconeogenic enzymes such as malate dehydrogenase (MDH2), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pck1p) and isocitrate lyase (Icl1p) are also inactivated by glucose [28][29][30] . Of these, catabolite inactivation of FBPase has been studied exhaustively for the vacuole dependent pathway [29,31,32] .…”

Section: Degradation Of Gluconeogenic Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vacuole import and degradation (Vid) pathway is a selective autophagy pathway that mediates degradation of FBPase, MDH2, Pck1p and Icl1p in the vacuole after glucose starvation for 3 d [23,27,[29][30][31] . The genes involved in this pathway are cumulatively called VID genes [32,39,40] .…”

Section: Degradation Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vacuole import and degradation pathway: Insights into a specialized autophagy pathway

Alibhoy¹

2011

WJBC

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Glucose deprivation induces the synthesis of pivotal gluconeogenic enzymes such as fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, malate dehydrogenase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and isocitrate lyase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . However, following glucose replenishment, these gluconeogenic enzymes are inactivated and degraded. Studies have characterized the mechanisms by which these enzymes are inactivated in response to glucose. The site of degradation of these proteins has also been ascertained to be dependent on the duration of starvation. Glucose replenishment of short-term starved cells results in these proteins being degraded in the proteasome. In contrast, addition of glucose to cells starved for a prolonged period results in these proteins being degraded in the vacuole. In the vacuole dependent pathway, these proteins are sequestered in specialized vesicles termed vacuole import and degradation (Vid). These vesicles converge with the endocytic pathway and deliver their cargo to the vacuole for degradation. Recent studies have identified that internalization, as mediated by actin polymerization, is essential for delivery of cargo proteins to the vacuole for degradation. In addition, components of the target of rapamycin complex 1 interact with cargo proteins during glucose starvation. Furthermore, Tor1p dissociates from cargo proteins following glucose replenishment. Future studies will be needed to elaborate on the importance of internalization at the plasma membrane and the subsequent import of cargo proteins into Vid vesicles in the vacuole dependent degradation pathway.

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Section: Degradation Of Gluconeogenic Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: The Tor Complex 1 Interacts With Multiple Cargo Proteins Tarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Degradation Of Gluconeogenic Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Degradation Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vacuole import and degradation pathway: Insights into a specialized autophagy pathway

Alibhoy¹

2011

WJBC

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“…The two primary mechanisms for subcellular degradation are the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy. A third, less-well-characterized, mechanism is the vacuole import and degradation (Vid) pathway (Hoffman and Chiang 1996), for which the most critical substrate is fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (Fbp1), the key enzyme in gluconeogenesis, but other target proteins include Pck1, Mdh2, and Icl1 (Hung et al 2004;Brown et al 2010). Degradation of Fbp1 in the absence of glucose prevents futile cycling where the cell attempts to generate glucose under conditions where the carbon source is limiting.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autophagic Processes in Yeast: Mechanism, Machinery and Regulation

2013

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Autophagy refers to a group of processes that involve degradation of cytoplasmic components including cytosol, macromolecular complexes, and organelles, within the vacuole or the lysosome of higher eukaryotes. The various types of autophagy have attracted increasing attention for at least two reasons. First, autophagy provides a compelling example of dynamic rearrangements of subcellular membranes involving issues of protein trafficking and organelle identity, and thus it is fascinating for researchers interested in questions pertinent to basic cell biology. Second, autophagy plays a central role in normal development and cell homeostasis, and, as a result, autophagic dysfunctions are associated with a range of illnesses including cancer, diabetes, myopathies, some types of neurodegeneration, and liver and heart diseases. That said, this review focuses on autophagy in yeast. Many aspects of autophagy are conserved from yeast to human; in particular, this applies to the gene products mediating these pathways as well as some of the signaling cascades regulating it, so that the information we relate is relevant to higher eukaryotes. Indeed, as with many cellular pathways, the initial molecular insights were made possible due to genetic studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other fungi. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract 341Introduction 342

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Breeding of high malate‐producing diploid sake yeast with a homozygous mutation in the VID24 gene

et al. 2016

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Malate is an important taste component of sake (a Japanese alcoholic beverage) that is produced by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae during alcoholic fermentation. A variety of methods for generating high malate‐producing yeast strains have been developed to date. We recently reported that a high malate‐producing strain was isolated as a mutant sensitive to dimethyl succinate (DMS), and that a mutation in the vacuolar import and degradation protein (VID) 24 gene was responsible for high malate productivity and DMS sensitivity. In this work, the relationships between heterozygous and homozygous mutants of VID24 and malate productivity in diploid sake yeast were examined and a method was developed for breeding a higher malate‐producing strain. First a diploid yeast was generated with a homozygous VID24 mutation by genetic engineering. The homozygous integrants produced more malate during sake brewing and grew more slowly in DMS medium than wild‐type and heterozygous integrants. Thus, the genotype of the VID24 mutation influenced the level of malate production and sensitivity to DMS in diploid yeast. Then a homozygous mutant from a heterozygous mutant was obtained without genetic engineering by ultraviolet irradiation and culturing in DMS with nystatin enrichment. The non‐genetically modified sake yeast with a homozygous VID24 mutation exhibited a higher level of malate productivity than the parent heterozygous mutant strain. These findings provide a basis for controlling malate production in yeast, and thereby regulating malate levels in sake. Copyright © 2016 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling

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The TOR Complex 1 Is Distributed in Endosomes and in Retrograde Vesicles That Form from the Vacuole Membrane and Plays an Important Role in the Vacuole Import and Degradation Pathway

Cited by 30 publications

References 49 publications

Vacuole import and degradation pathway: Insights into a specialized autophagy pathway

Vacuole import and degradation pathway: Insights into a specialized autophagy pathway

Autophagic Processes in Yeast: Mechanism, Machinery and Regulation

Breeding of high malate‐producing diploid sake yeast with a homozygous mutation in the VID24 gene

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