The toroidal moment in condensed-matter physics and its relation to the magnetoelectric effect

Spaldin, Nicola A.; Fiebig, Manfred; Mostovoy, Maxim

doi:10.1088/0953-8984/20/43/434203

Cited by 482 publications

(551 citation statements)

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“…All the data shown in Fig. 1a were taken after ME field cooling with E [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] ¼ 1 MV m À 1 and selected H [110] . Below 9 K, magnetoelectrically induced P [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] develops in all the data.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1a were taken after ME field cooling with E [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] ¼ 1 MV m À 1 and selected H [110] . Below 9 K, magnetoelectrically induced P [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] develops in all the data. It is noteworthy that the magnitude of P [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] strongly depends on the strength of cooling H [110] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13, it was proposed that the ME H effect, that is, the induction of P [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] by applying H [110] , observed in NMTO originates from the presence of net toroidal moment t along [001] through the relation Pp À t Â H. If this scenario is correct, we can also expect the ME E effect, the induction of M along [110] (M [110] ) induced by applying E [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] , with the relation Mpt Â E from phenomenological consideration 7 . Thus, we examined the ME E effect in NMTO.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the latter case, t is known as a multi-spin variable breaking both space inversion and time reversal symmetries, and is defined as tpS i r i Â S i , where r i denotes the location of spin S i (refs 4,5). When t is non-zero, an off-diagonal and antisymmetric linear ME effect is allowed, that is, Pp À t Â H and Mpt Â E, which are obtained from the free energy expansion analysis 6,7 . Thus, magnetic insulators showing a ferrotoroidic order (for example, Ga 2-x Fe x O 3 and LiCoPO 4 ) can exhibit the antisymmetric linear ME effect [8][9][10] .…”

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Magnetoelectric control of frozen state in a toroidal glass

Yamaguchi

Kimura

2013

Nat Commun

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The glass state of matter represents a frozen state of an atomically disordered system with local order only. Instead of atoms, systems with glassy states of magnetic and electric dipole moments in solids are known as spin and dipole glasses, respectively. In these conventional glasses, slow dynamics, such as relaxation and memory phenomena, are characteristics of their magnetic/dielectric properties. Here we propose a new glassy state in solids, a 'toroidal glass', in which toroidal moments-vector-like electromagnetic multipole moments breaking both space inversion and time reversal symmetries, and producing a linear magnetoelectric coupling-are randomly oriented and frozen. We investigate the dynamics of a linear magnetoelectric effect in Ni 0.4 Mn 0.6 TiO 3 and find that the magnetoelectric responses strongly depend on the magnetoelectric cooling history and show striking memory effects. These unusual magnetoelectric dynamical features can be explained in the framework of a toroidal glass in which the toroidal frozen state can be controlled magnetoelectrically.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetoelectric control of frozen state in a toroidal glass

Yamaguchi

Kimura

2013

Nat Commun

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“…It is thought that the spin-flop phase might also display ferrotoroidic order 12 , which is a novel state characterized by a spontaneously ordered vortex of spins. Ferrotoroidic order is considered potentially to be a fourth type of ferroic order 15,16 . Here, we undertake an optical analysis of the electronic and magnetic structure of MnTiO 3 using linear absorption spectroscopy and second harmonic generation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic structure and magnetic symmetry in MnTiO3analyzed by second harmonic generation

et al. 2013

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Second harmonic generation (SHG) and linear absorbance spectra of MnTiO3 were measured and the 1.88, 2.41, 2.63, and 3.06 eV SHG features were identified as d-d optical transitions from 6 A1g to 4 T1g( 4 G), 4 T2g( 4 G), { 4 Eg, 4 A1g( 4 G)}, and 4 Eg( 4 D) respectively. These zero-phonon transitions were used to calculate the octahedral crystal field splitting energy (∆0) and the Racah parameters B and C. The SHG spectra showed significant distinctions between the antiferromagnetic and the paramagnetic or spin-flop phases. The polarization dependence of the SHG in the spin-flop phase provided optical evidence that the spins canted from the c-axis toward the a-axis. These distinctions between the three magnetic phases could be useful for mapping 180 • antiferromagnetic domains in MnTiO3.2

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Resonant Scattering Techniques

Finkelstein

Дмитриенко

2012

Characterization of Materials

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This article describes resonant x‐ray scattering by presenting its principles, illustrating them with several examples, providing background on experimental methods, and discussing the analysis of data. Principles of the method presented are the classical picture of x‐ray scattering, including anomalous dispersion, followed by a quantum‐mechanical description for the scattering amplitudes, and ends with a discussion on techniques of symmetry analysis useful in designing experiments. Two examples from the literature are used to illustrate the technique. This is followed by a discussion of experimental aspects of the method, including the principles of x‐ray polarization analysis. A list of criteria is given for selecting systems amenable to the technique, along with an outline for experimental design. A general background on data collection and analysis includes references to sources of computational tools and expertise in the field.

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The toroidal moment in condensed-matter physics and its relation to the magnetoelectric effect

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Cited by 482 publications

References 54 publications

Magnetoelectric control of frozen state in a toroidal glass

Magnetoelectric control of frozen state in a toroidal glass

Electronic structure and magnetic symmetry in MnTiO3analyzed by second harmonic generation

Resonant Scattering Techniques

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