The Tourist Behaviour in Different Environments: A Literature Review

Abstract

In ensuring the tourism destinations are successful and sustained, good quality environments are needed. Furthermore, without an attractive environment, there would be no tourism activities. Nevertheless, people generate and encompass many different types and patterns of changes in the environment and in turn, the environment can facilitate and even reduce stress to people. In this context, it is necessary to understand the perspective of tourists and knowing what they look for in a particular destination to obtain a better understanding of spatial tourism behaviour and areas of sustainable tourist destinations. The primary focus of this paper is to understand the perceptions, expectations, experiences and motivations that tourists have when they choose to visit specific tourist destinations. Based on the literature, identifying and examining the elements of tourist attractions, tourist preferences, the values which characterize the tourism demand and their relationship to the environment would highlight challenges as well as implications for tourism development especially in Malaysia. Keyword 280 INTRODUCTIONDespite a wide range of publications assessing the behaviour of tourists to various environmental settings, little is actually known about the complexity of demand responses towards different environments in the Malaysian context. The purpose of this paper is to review and discuss existing studies and provide a framework for a better understanding of tourist behaviour. The literature indicates that tourism has a significant effect on social life globally that can no longer be understood as merely what happens at the location of the destination, nor why tourists choose to do something different from their normal life and work. Tourism is a central part of understanding the social organization of destination and is no longer simply a specialist consumer product or mode of tourist consumption (Inglis, 2000;Framke, 2002). In other words, tourism is not only about supply and demand but also relates to the behaviour of tourists.The reasons for undertaking a literature review is because it provides as complete a list as possible especially all the published and unpublished studies relating to particular subject areas and towards the end, this study summarizes and draws conclusions about the relevant topic. This study undergone a few stages of the literature review. It began with an extensive review to establish the context and rationale for this study so as to confirm the choice of research focus or question. Then, the topic is refined by narrowing down the relevant and detailed literature. The topic is then divided into key themes to make it easier to look for information. This study also uses different journal articles and books to identify key authors and significant theories that relate to the themes and make them as a starting point. Finally, this study relates the findings from the literature and identifies the implications for this study.

The Role of Tour Guide Performance in Creating Responsible Tourist Behavior: An Empirical Study: Archaeological Sites in Alexandria

“…This paper has sought to study the role of tour guide performance in directing tourists' behavior towards responsible behavior in Archaeological sites. This research is interested in studying the relationship between tour guide performance and responsible tourist behavior at archaeological sites by analyzing the impact of intermediate factors like tourism satisfaction and experience (Huang et al, 2009;Asbollah et al, 2017;Alazaizeh et al, 2019). In order to measure tour guide performance, this study based on two sub-factors namely "Interpersonal servability and organization" and "Intrapersonal servability and professional competence" (Hansen & Mossberg, 2016).…”

“…Therefore, it is challenging in the historical destinations to balance economic viability and social responsibility towards archaeological sites. In order to achieve this balance, managers and marketers should induce tourists to responsible tourist behavior at the archaeological sites (Lee et al, 2013;Han et al, 2016;Asbollah et al, 2017). Under the pressure of increasing tourism flows and harmful impacts resulting from tourists' activities at archaeological sites, there has been increasing interest to study tourists' experiences and their behavior at archaeological sites (Kang & Moscardo, 2006;Han et al, 2016).…”

“…Many researchers claimed that tourists are likely to behave as Responsible tourists without any external factors that can influence their behavior (Diallo et al, 2015;Han et al, 2016). Specifically, researchers clarified that whenever tourist has many tourism experiences at the archaeological sites and with a high level of education (Peric & Djurkin, 2014;Asbollah et al, 2017). Hence, it is logical to expect that this tourist behaves in a responsible way at the site (Lee et al, 2013;Zgolli & Zaiem, 2018).…”

“…Hence, it is logical to expect that this tourist behaves in a responsible way at the site (Lee et al, 2013;Zgolli & Zaiem, 2018). While others see that education and previous tourism experiences are insufficient to make the tourist more responsible at archaeological sites (Kang & Moscardo, 2006;Asbollah et al, 2017). François-Lecompte and Prim-Allaz ( 2009) have emphasized that tourists are behaving responsibly when they are willing to sacrifice their comfort, have the intention to conserve local resources, prefer travelling with a responsible tour-operator, accept not to travel too far and have the desire to protect the cultural heritage of the visited sites.…”

“…While Dolnicar (2010) and Dwyer et al (2010) have referred to the importance of social, financial and physical actions only, ignoring other dimensions. These actions can mitigate the negative impact of increasing tourism flows at the natural sites (Diallo et al, 2015;Han et al, 2016;Asbollah et al, 2017), but tour guide performance is still the main dimension in persuading tourists and influencing their behavior at the archaeological sites (Zgolli & Zaiem, 2018). According to the study of Gonzalez et al (2009), Responsible tourist behavior has defined as "when the tourist acting in a way that accounts for social and environmental concerns through one's choices in relation to tourism" (p.26).…”