The towering orogeny of New Guinea as a trigger for arthropod megadiversity

Toussaint, Emmanuel F. A.; Hall, Robert; Monaghan, Michael T.; Sagata, Katayo; Ibalim, Sentiko; Shaverdo, Helena; Vogler, Alfried P.; Pons, Joan; Balke, Michael

doi:10.1038/ncomms5001

Cited by 172 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…As already mentioned above, both groups build a monophyletic clade according to the results of molecular analyses (Toussaint et al 2014;unpublished results). This monophyly is also supported morphologically by the structure and setation of the male genitalia, especially of the paramere.…”

Section: Notes On Diagnostic Characters Of the Groupssupporting

confidence: 52%

“…A new species group, E. okbapensis-group, is proposed for two new species and two already described ones: E. ketembang (Balke, 1998) and E. talaki (Balke, 1998) based on the shape and setation of the paramere as well as on results of a phylogenetic analysis of molecular data (Toussaint et al 2014). It is shown that representatives of another species group, namely E. aipo-group, share the same shape and setation of the paramere with the new species group and, therefore, both are most likely closely related.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Descriptions of two new species and one new subspecies from the Exocelina okbapensis-group, and notes on the E. aipo-group (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Copelatinae)

Shaverdo¹,

Sumoked²,

Balke³

2017

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Two new species and one new subspecies of Exocelina Broun, 1886 from New Guinea are described: E. okbapensis Shaverdo & Balke, sp. n., E. okbapensis hajeki Shaverdo & Balke, ssp. n., and E. may Shaverdo & Balke, sp. n. These and two already described species are assigned to the E. okbapensis-group, which is morphologically (based on setation of the paramere) and phylogenetically close to the E. aipogroup. On the latter, morphological and taxonomic notes are provided. An identification key to all known species of the groups is presented, and important diagnostic characters are illustrated. Data on the species distributions are mapped and show that the species occur only in the central mountain part of the island restricted by Wamena in the west and Sandaun Province in the east.

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Section: Notes On Diagnostic Characters Of the Groupssupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Descriptions of two new species and one new subspecies from the Exocelina okbapensis-group, and notes on the E. aipo-group (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Copelatinae)

Shaverdo¹,

Sumoked²,

Balke³

2017

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“…As a result, we were not able to use a secondary calibration for the Trigonopterus radiation. In a first calibration, several substitution rates of Coleoptera have been used (calculated for the COI marker using multiple fossils and geological evidences [31][32][33]-see [34] for a rationale on the use of this interval). The early diversification of Trigonopterus would have taken place more than 60 Ma which appears significantly too old.…”

Section: (D) Dating and Ancestral Area Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Present-day New Guinea has a highly complex orogenic history, but the most recent geological reconstructions of the region [36,37] suggest that at most small and low-lying islands were emergent before 30 Ma. If some land did exist before 30 Ma, it was lacking the horizontal and vertical dimension required to facilitate lineage diversification; habitats fully explaining the observed diversification patterns are more recent and likely of Miocenic age ( [34]; R. Hall 2013, personal communication). This was reflected in empirical studies (birds [42], rainbow fishes [43], diving beetles [34]) which estimate the onset of Papuan lineage diversification around 30 Ma or more recent.…”

Section: (D) Dating and Ancestral Area Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If some land did exist before 30 Ma, it was lacking the horizontal and vertical dimension required to facilitate lineage diversification; habitats fully explaining the observed diversification patterns are more recent and likely of Miocenic age ( [34]; R. Hall 2013, personal communication). This was reflected in empirical studies (birds [42], rainbow fishes [43], diving beetles [34]) which estimate the onset of Papuan lineage diversification around 30 Ma or more recent. Thus, our calibration is likely to be conservative and may yield slightly overestimated ages.…”

Section: (D) Dating and Ancestral Area Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple transgressions of Wallace's Line explain diversity of flightlessTrigonopterusweevils on Bali

et al. 2014

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The fauna of Bali, situated immediately west of Wallace's Line, is supposedly of recent Javanese origin and characterized by low levels of endemicity. In flightless Trigonopterus weevils, however, we find 100% endemism for the eight species here reported for Bali. Phylogeographic analyses show extensive in situ differentiation, including a local radiation of five species. A comprehensive molecular phylogeny and ancestral area reconstruction of Indo-Malayan-Melanesian species reveals a complex colonization pattern, where the three Balinese lineages all arrived from the East, i.e. all of them transgressed Wallace's Line. Although East Java possesses a rich fauna of Trigonopterus, no exchange can be observed with Bali. We assert that the biogeographic picture of Bali has been dominated by the influx of mobile organisms from Java, but different relationships may be discovered when flightless invertebrates are studied. Our results highlight the importance of in-depth analyses of spatial patterns of biodiversity.

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Secondary succession has surprisingly low impact on arboreal ant communities in tropical montane rainforest

et al. 2019

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Understanding forest regeneration processes is increasingly important as disturbed forests spread rapidly in tropical landscapes. While successional dynamics are relatively well-understood for plants, they remain poorly known for tropical insects, particularly in montane rainforests and tree canopies. We studied the effect of montane forest succession on arboreal ant communities in New Guinea near their natural elevational limit (1800 m a.s.l.). We censused ant species and nests in replicated 0.1-ha plots of primary, old and young secondary forests, destined to be felled for gardens by the local landowners. Overall, 1249 felled trees were dissected for all ant-associated microhabitats. We used rarefaction-based models manipulating vegetation structure and multivariate randomizations to assess the effects of tree density, tree size, and nesting microhabitats on the ant communities. We expected increased ant species diversity, microhabitat specialization, and species turnover among trees throughout the succession, with distinct community composition among the stages. In contrast to our expectations, ant species composition and diversity per plot did not change during succession, and species similarity among trees was significantly higher only in old secondary forest. The number of ant species per tree increased with forest age, but trees of similar size hosted only slightly more species in primary than secondary forests. Many ant species were associated with particular nesting microhabitats; however, the same microhabitat types occurred in all stages and thus did not generate successional trends in ant communities. Secondary succession had an unexpectedly low impact on tree-dwelling ant communities in this montane ecosystem, in contrast with our previous findings from lowland rainforests. These results highlight the need to study successional processes along entire elevational gradients, as montane taxa may react differently to vegetation changes than their lowland counterparts.

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The towering orogeny of New Guinea as a trigger for arthropod megadiversity

Cited by 172 publications

References 56 publications

Descriptions of two new species and one new subspecies from the Exocelina okbapensis-group, and notes on the E. aipo-group (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Copelatinae)

Descriptions of two new species and one new subspecies from the Exocelina okbapensis-group, and notes on the E. aipo-group (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Copelatinae)

Multiple transgressions of Wallace's Line explain diversity of flightlessTrigonopterusweevils on Bali

Secondary succession has surprisingly low impact on arboreal ant communities in tropical montane rainforest

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