The toxic action of phosphine Absorption and symptoms of poisoning in insects

Bond, E.J.; Robinson, James K.; Buckland, C. T.

doi:10.1016/0022-474x(69)90002-2

Cited by 77 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Thèse results indicate that phosphine is a respiration inhibitor (Bond et al 1969;Chefurka et al 1976;Hobbs and Bond 1989;Nakakita 1976;Nakakita et al 1971;Price 1980). The mode of action of this gas has been further explained by its inhibition of mitochondrial activity from rat liver (Nakakita et al 1971) and insects (Chefurka et al 1976;Price 1980).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The factors governing uptake and toxicity of phosphine are complex and différent between insects (Bond et al 1969). The phosphine uptake of the adults of Sitophilus granarius (L.) [Coleoptera : Curculionidae] and Tribolium confusum DuVal [Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae] increases about 1.5 fold when phosphine concentration increases from 0.006 to 0.009 mg L 1 (1.5 fold) (Kashi and Bond 1975).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Uptake of phosphine was determined by the indirect method of measuring the depletion of gas from the fumigation chambers as it was absorbed by the mites (Bond et al 1969). About 20 mg of pre-weighed mites (without food) were put in a 1-cm diam and 4-cm long tube and it was suspended in the fumigation chamber.…”

Section: Testîng For Uptake Of Phosphinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main toxic action of phosphine on insects is as a respiratory inhibitor (Bond et al 1969;Chefurka et al 1976;Hobbs and Bond 1989;Nakakita 1976;Nakakita et al 1971;Price 1980). In studies on stored-product beetles, inhibitory effects of the gas on in vitro cytochrome C oxidase was found; however, no effects on this enzyme were detected in susceptible or résistant insects after phosphine treatment in vivo (Price and Dance 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxic action of phosphine on the adults of copra mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae [Astigmata : Acaridae]

Jian¹,

Jayas²,

White³

2005

phyto

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The inhibitory effects of phosphine gas on cytochrome C oxidase and catalase, both in vivo and in vitro, and gas uptake by adults of Tyrophagus putrescentiae were determined. The activities of both enzymes were reduced by the gas. Relative inhibition rates of the enzymes were : in vivo catalase > in vitro catalase, in vivo cytochrome C oxidase < in vitro cytochrome C oxidase, and the inhibition effects of in vitro enzymes were proportional to the exposure period of phosphine applied to the cytosolic extracts. Although the uptake of phosphine by adults increased with an increase of phosphine concentration and exposure period, the rate of uptake was relatively slower than at low concentration and short exposure period. The absorption mechanism of phosphine between insects and mites appears to be different.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Testîng For Uptake Of Phosphinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Toxic action of phosphine on the adults of copra mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae [Astigmata : Acaridae]

Jian¹,

Jayas²,

White³

2005

phyto

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“…Reactive oxygen species, including superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, have a high potential ability to damage macromolecules and may thus lead to cell death (Chaudhry and Price, 1992). In spite of the documented differences in physiology across vertebrates and invertebrates, the essential features of phosphine toxicity are similar for all animals and the modes of action are not mutually exclusive (Bond et al, 1969, Proudfoot, 2009. Phosphine is considered to be a respiratory poison because it produces toxic oxyradicals and disrupts the oxygen metabolism of animals that have been exposed to the gas (Chaudhry and Price, 1992).…”

Section: Biochemical and Physiological Aspects Of Phosphine Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphine fumigation and the ecology of the rust red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum: the effects of phosphine resistance genes and sublethal exposure

Malekpour¹

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Post-harvest losses of stored products are fairly common despite widespread use of chemical treatments to control pests. Phosphine has been used to control insect pests of various stored products in many parts of the world for at least half a century. However, extensive use of this fumigant has contributed to the development of resistance in several species of stored-product insects globally. Expression of phosphine resistance has been linked to mutations in two autosomal genes that contribute to enzymatic changes involved in basic metabolic pathways and impose metabolic stress, which, in turn, affects energy demanding behaviours.Insecticide resistance is generally accompanied by a variety of physiological changes that may have negative influences on the organisms in the absence of the insecticide selective agent. The present investigations were undertaken to determine the effects of phosphine resistance genes on the fitness of Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) beetles, serious pests of stored products worldwide. I designed laboratory assays to examine if the phosphine resistance genes affect activities that depend on a reliable energy source, including particular aspects of the beetle's walking and flight activities. I measured walking and flight parameters of four T. castaneum genotypes: 1) a field-derived population, 2) a laboratory cultured, phosphine-susceptible reference strain, 3) a laboratory cultured, phosphine-resistant reference strain, and 4) a resistant introgressed strain that is almost identical genetically to the susceptible population. The temporal pattern of flight was identical across all populations, but resistant reference beetles took flight significantly less, walked more slowly, and located resources less successfully than did susceptible reference beetles. These results suggest an association between phosphine resistance and the reduced ability of these resistant reference individuals, and they suggest that these influences are likely to have an impact on the spread of the resistance genes spatially.I also conducted a series of experiments in a wind tunnel to determine whether intrinsic variables (mating status) and environmental variables (presence or absence of lures, type of lures) further influence the movement abilities of the phosphine resistant beetles.Significantly fewer flight initiations and less success at locating pheromone and food lures by resistant reference beetles were observed compared with those of the susceptible reference ones (although their odour preferences were similar). Pheromone and cotton seeds appeared to be stronger inducements for location of the lure compared with wheat flour. A clear iii preference for the pheromone lure was evident in unmated resistant beetles compared to mated resistant beetles. However, this pattern was not repeated with flying resistant beetles, as no significant difference was observed in flight response of mated and unmated resistant beetles towards the pheromone lure. Mating status had statistically sim...

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Review A Review of the Mechanisms Involved in the Action of Phosphine as an Insecticide and Phosphine Resistance in Stored‐Product Insects

Chaudhry¹

1997

Pestic. Sci.

178

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Phosphine gas has been used world‐wide for more than four decades as an ideal fumigant for disinfestation of stored grains and other commodities. Its use as a safe fumigant of stored products has become even more important with recent restrictions on the production of the only alternative, methyl bromide. Widespread resistance to phosphine has emerged in several species of stored‐product insects in many countries, which in some instances may have caused control failures. Chemically, phosphine is a strong reducing agent and biological redox systems, especially the components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, are probably the site of its action in insects. The oxidation of phosphine could produce reactive phosphorylating species and interactions of phosphine with biological redox systems have been reported to cause generation of highly reactive oxyradicals. This appears to be the basis of phosphine toxicity to insects, which differs from that of respiratory inhibitors such as hydrogen cyanide. Phosphine‐resistant strains of several species of stored‐product insects have been reported to absorb very small amounts of the compound compared to their susceptible counterparts. This reduced uptake in resistant insects appears to result from respiratory exclusion of phosphine. The overall mechanism of resistance also involves a detoxification process. Despite the likely involvement of oxyradicals in the insecticidal action of phosphine, the level of anti‐oxidant enzymes in resistant insects is apparently not higher than that in their susceptible counterparts. The reduced uptake of the compound might be due either to the presence of a phosphine insensitive target site or to a membrane‐based efflux system that excludes phosphine gas in resistant insects. Studies have indicated the oxygen uptake in mitochondrial preparations from susceptible and resistant insects to be equally sensitive to inhibition by phosphine in vitro. The nature of the phosphine‐exclusion system in resistant insects has not been fully elucidated. The possibilities of controlling resistant insects with phosphine and prospects for developing new alternative fumigants are also discussed. © 1997 SCI.

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The toxic action of phosphine Absorption and symptoms of poisoning in insects

Cited by 77 publications

References 4 publications

Toxic action of phosphine on the adults of copra mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae [Astigmata : Acaridae]

Toxic action of phosphine on the adults of copra mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae [Astigmata : Acaridae]

Phosphine fumigation and the ecology of the rust red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum: the effects of phosphine resistance genes and sublethal exposure

Review A Review of the Mechanisms Involved in the Action of Phosphine as an Insecticide and Phosphine Resistance in Stored‐Product Insects

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