The toxicity of fumonisin B1on some biochemical and immunological parameters and its detoxification by red cabbage and garlic

Abstract

The protective effects of red cabbage and garlic extracts against liver, kidney and thyroid gland damage induced by fumonisin B1 (FB1) in male mice were studied. Sixty mice divided in to six groups. Group one are the healthy mice, Group two are mice that received a daily oral dose of only FB-1 (100 µg/kg.b.w) for 1 month, Group three: are mice that received red cabbage extract (500 mg/kg.bw) plus FB1, Group four: are mice that received red cabbage extracts, Group five: are mice that received garlic extract (500mg/kg.bw) plus FB1, group 6:are mice that received only garlic extract. After finishing the experiments, samples of blood were used for biochemical examination. The results indicated that group (2) mice treated with fumonisin B1 had significantly increased levels of immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM), kidney function parameters (urea and creatinine), proteins (albumin and total protein (TP)), and thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), along with significantly decreased level of TSH (p < 0.05). In the LD50 experiment, we are choose concentration (100 µg/kg.b.w) gavage to the mice. Oral administration red cabbage garlic extracts produced significantl reduction the levels serum IgG, IgM, T3, T4, urea, creatinine, TP and albumin and with a significant increase in TSH.

The Significant Impact of High-Fat, Low-Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet on Serum Lipid Profile and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Overweight and Obese Adults

“…This process involves the conversion of 3β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate back into acetyl CoA through a two-step process that involves succinyl CoA: 3-oxoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) and acetyl CoA acetyltransferase (ACAT-1). Following its formation, acetyl COA enters the Krebs cycle and undergoes further oxidation, which produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules [ 10 ]. The results of a meta-analysis encompassing 15 research indicate that the very-low-calorie ketogenic diet leads to a notable reduction in body weight over the short, intermediate, and long term (-7.48 kg at one month, -16.76 kg at 4-6 months, and -21.48 kg at 12 months) [ 11 ].…”

“…However, it is unclear if the extremely low-calorie intake or the state of ketosis is to blame [ 12 ]. Short-term adherence to the ketogenic diet can cause mild side effects such as constipation, headaches, irritability, poor mode, and hunger [ 10 ], whereas long-term KD is associated with increased levels of circulating uric acid, an increased risk of kidney stones, and osteoporosis as a result of insufficient calcium ingestion [ 13 ].…”

The Study of the Antibacterial Effect of Anthocyanin Pigment Extracted From Red Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra) and Red Radish Peels (Raphanus sativus. var. sativus)

“…The protective properties of antioxidants are caused by their capability of acting as free radical scavengers, thus protecting DNA, cell proteins, and lipids. It protects us from cancer, premature aging, diabetes, ulcer and Alzheimer's diseases [19][20][21][22][23]. Anthocyanin concentration in red cabbage is 322mg/100 g [24].…”