The Toxicity of Self-Blame: Sex Differences in Burnout and Coping in Internal Medicine Trainees

Spataro, Brielle; Tilstra, Sarah A.; Rubio, Doris M.; McNeil, Melissa

doi:10.1089/jwh.2015.5604

Cited by 58 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Table 1 summarizes the characteristics of the included studies. For this study, thirty-seven (37) (78.72%) studies were from North and South America (Canada, USA, Brazil) [32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66], three (3) studies (6.38%) were from Europe (France, Spain) [67,68,69], five (5) studies (10.63%) were from Asia (Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey) [70,71,72,73,74], as well as one (1) study (2.13%) each from Africa (Egypt) [75] and Australia [76]. The mean age of individual participants varied from 25.9 to 32.0 years, with the proportion of male residents ranging from 10% to 88%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Burnout in Medical and Surgical Residents: A Meta-Analysis

Low

Yeo

Sharma

et al. 2019

IJERPH

285

236

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The burnout syndrome is characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal achievement. Uncertainty exists about the prevalence of burnout among medical and surgical residents. Associations between burnout and gender, age, specialty, and geographical location of training are unclear. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to quantitatively summarize the global prevalence rates of burnout among residents, by specialty and its contributing factors. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and Web of Science to identify studies that examined the prevalence of burnout among residents from various specialties and countries. The primary outcome assessed was the aggregate prevalence of burnout among all residents. The random effects model was used to calculate the aggregate prevalence, and heterogeneity was assessed by I2 statistic and Cochran’s Q statistic. We also performed meta-regression and subgroup analysis. The aggregate prevalence of burnout was 51.0% (95% CI: 45.0–57.0%, I2 = 97%) in 22,778 residents. Meta-regression found that the mean age (β = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.28–0.40, p < 0.001) and the proportion of males (β = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.10–0.69, p = 0.009) were significant moderators. Subgroup analysis by specialty showed that radiology (77.16%, 95% CI: 5.99–99.45), neurology (71.93%, 95% CI: 65.78–77.39), and general surgery (58.39%, 95% CI: 45.72–70.04) were the top three specialties with the highest prevalence of burnout. In contrast, psychiatry (42.05%, 95% CI: 33.09–51.58), oncology (38.36%, 95% CI: 32.69–44.37), and family medicine (35.97%, 95% CI: 13.89–66.18) had the lowest prevalence of burnout. Subgroup analysis also found that the prevalence of burnout in several Asian countries was 57.18% (95% CI: 45.8–67.85); in several European countries it was 27.72% (95% CI: 17.4–41.11) and in North America it was 51.64% (46.96–56.28). Our findings suggest a high prevalence of burnout among medical and surgical residents. Older and male residents suffered more than their respective counterparts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Burnout in Medical and Surgical Residents: A Meta-Analysis

Low

Yeo

Sharma

et al. 2019

IJERPH

285

236

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…74 On the other hand, we did not confirm some reported risk factors for burnout, for example, sex and debt. 15,21,26,71,[75][76][77][78] The reasons for this difference are unclear and must be tested in future studies. Also, unlike Pantaleoni et al, 20 we did not find that burnout rates consistently increased from the beginning to the middle of residency training.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burnout in Pediatric Residents: Three Years of National Survey Data

et al. 2020

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BACKGROUND: We aimed to describe the national epidemiology of burnout in pediatric residents. METHODS: We conducted surveys of residents at 34 programs in 2016, 43 programs in 2017, and 49 programs in 2018. Survey items included the Maslach Burnout Inventory, demographics, program characteristics, personal qualities, experiences, and satisfaction with support, worklife balance, and learning environment. Analyses included cross-sectional comparisons and cross-sectional and longitudinal regression. RESULTS: More than 60% of eligible residents participated; burnout rates were .50% in all years and not consistently associated with any demographic or residency characteristics. Cross-sectional associations were significant between burnout and stress, sleepiness, quality of life, mindfulness, self-compassion, empathy, confidence in providing compassionate care (CCC), being on a high-acuity rotation, recent major medical error, recent time off, satisfaction with support and career choice, and attitudes about residency. In cross-sectional logistic regression analyses, 4 factors were associated with an increased risk of burnout: stress, sleepiness, dissatisfaction with work-life balance, and recent medical error; 4 factors were associated with lower risk: empathy, self-compassion, quality of life, and CCC. Longitudinally, after controlling for 2017 burnout and 2018 risk factors (eg, recent error, sleepiness, rotation, and time off), 2017 quality of life was associated with 2018 burnout; 2017 self-compassion was associated with lower 2018 stress; and 2017 mindfulness, empathy, and satisfaction with learning environment and career choice were associated with 2018 CCC. CONCLUSIONS: A majority of residents met burnout criteria. Several identified factors (eg, stress, sleepiness, medical errors, empathy, CCC, and self-compassion) suggest targets for interventions to reduce burnout in future studies. WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Small studies in pediatric residents and larger studies on medical students and practicing physicians suggest that burnout is common, increasing, and associated with demographic and other risk factors, but most are cross-sectional. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: We examined burnout' s epidemiology in a national sample of pediatric residents over 3 years, assessing a broad range of risk and protective factors. We identified modifiable risk factors for both individuals and programs, laying the groundwork for intervention studies.

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“…Physician burnout is associated with decreased mindfulness and coping abilities ( Chaukos et al, 2017 ). The phenomenon of burnout is not universal, with different rates reported among specialties and female physicians showing increased susceptibility to burnout compared with male peers ( Berg, 2020 , Spataro et al, 2016 ). In women specifically, burnout is associated with an increased tendency to self-blame as a maladaptive coping mechanism ( Spataro et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The challenge of change: Resilience traits in Women’s Dermatological Society Forum participants by generation

Ludwig

Geisler

Fernandez

et al. 2020

International Journal of Women's Dermatology

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Background Physician burnout is a common problem that can have negative ramifications for both physicians and patients. Lack of effective coping mechanisms decreases resilience, which can lead to burnout, and women may be particularly vulnerable. Objective We aimed to evaluate resilience by generation among professionals in dermatology. We hope to gain a better understanding of the plasticity of resilience traits to identify modifiable resilience components. Methods Attendees of the 2020 Women’s Dermatological Society Forum were asked to complete an 80-item questionnaire evaluating eight characteristics of resilience. Each participant received scores electronically, and attendees were invited to anonymously submit scores, job category (physician or industry), and birth year and/or generation category. Participants who provided scores and were part of the millennial generation (born 1980–1994; ages 26–40 years at the time of survey completion), Generation X (born 1965–1979; ages 41–55 years), or baby boomer generation (born 1944–1964; ages 56–76 years) were included. Results Of the 67 participants meeting the inclusion criteria, 96.7% were women and 3.3% were men, 69.4% were physicians and 30.6% were industry representatives. Millennials accounted for 43.3%, Generation X for 35.8%, and baby boomers for 20.9% of the study participants. There was a significant difference among the three generations for mean scores on rumination ( p = .0071) and flexibility ( p = .0005), with scores becoming more ideal for older generations. There was no significant difference among generations for other resilience or burnout indicators, including emotional inhibition, toxic achieving, avoidance coping, perfect control, detached coping, and sensitivity. Conclusion Resilience traits such as rumination and flexibility differed by generation, with the most favorable scores occurring in the oldest cohort, suggesting that some resilience traits may be malleable and improve with age or be inherently affected by environment during development. Health care professionals may benefit from engaging in activities that enhance malleable resilience traits and improve the ability to manage work-related stressors.

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The Toxicity of Self-Blame: Sex Differences in Burnout and Coping in Internal Medicine Trainees

Cited by 58 publications

References 29 publications

Prevalence of Burnout in Medical and Surgical Residents: A Meta-Analysis

Prevalence of Burnout in Medical and Surgical Residents: A Meta-Analysis

Burnout in Pediatric Residents: Three Years of National Survey Data

The challenge of change: Resilience traits in Women’s Dermatological Society Forum participants by generation

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