The toxicological effects of chlorinated paraffins in mammals

Birtley, Robin D. N.; Conning, D. M.; Daniel, J.W.; Ferguson, David M.; Longstaff, E.; Swan, Andrew

doi:10.1016/0041-008x(80)90179-9

Cited by 62 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The short carbon chain length chlorinated paraffins are apparently not genotoxic (Birtley et al 1980;Serrone et ul. 1987), but induce peroxisome proliferation and tumours in the liver of rats and mice (Nilsen et al 1981;Wyatt et al 1993;NTP 1986a;Bucher et al 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In experimental animals (rats and mice), repeated exposure to chlorinated paraffins lead to toxic effects primarily in the liver, kidneys and thyroid (Serrone et al 1987), although the acute toxicity is very low (Birtley et al 1980;Bucher et al 1987). After chronic exposure (two years) of mice to a short chain length paraffin with 60% chlorine, increased incidences of hepatic and thyroid tumours were observed (NTP 1986a;Bucher et al 1987).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The mutagenic potential of chlorinated paraffins has been investigated both in prokaryotes and in mammalian cells, and apparently they are not genotoxic (Birtley et al 1980;Serrone et al 1987), except for a few reports suggesting a weak induction of chromosome aberrations, mutations and sister chromatid exchanges in vitro but not in vivo (Anderson et al 1990;Myhr et al 1990). Treatment with chlorinated paraffins of different carbon chain lengths has been demonstrated to induce peroxisome proliferation in the liver of rats and mice (Nilsen et al 1981;Wyatt et al 1993).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Inhibition of Cell‐Cell Communication by Commercial Chlorinated Paraffins in Rat Liver Epithelial IAR 20 Cells

Kato

Kenne

1996

Pharmacology & Toxicology

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The effects of six commercial chlorinated paraffins of different carbon chains length and chlorine content (Cereclor 50LV [C50LV], Hüls 60 [H60], Cereclor S45 [CS45], Cereclor S52 [CS52], Cereclor 42 [C42] and Cereclor 48 [C48] on cell communication have been investigated in the scrape-loading/dye-transfer assay in IAR 20 rat liver epithelial cells, as well as the effects of these compounds on connexin 43 (cx 43), the main gap junction protein in this cell line. The results clearly demonstrated that at non-cytotoxic concentrations C50LV, H60, CS45 and CS52 completely inhibited the cell communication within 1 hr. The short carbon chain length chlorinated paraffins (C50LV and H60) were inhibiting the cell communication at lower concentration than the intermediate carbon chain length chlorinated paraffins (CS45 and CS52). Almost complete inhibition of the cell communication was maintained for at least 24 hrs of H60 exposure. Immunoblots of IAR 20 cell extracts after H60-exposure showed a decreased phosphorylation of cx 43 after 1, 4 and 24 hrs of treatment. The phosphorylation pattern of cx 43 prepared from H60- or CS52-exposed cells was different from that prepared from 12-O-tetradecanoylphobol-13-acetate (TPA)-exposed cells after 1 hr treatment. The results show that the short and intermediate, but not the long carbon chain length chlorinated paraffins, are potent inhibitors of gap junction intercellular communication. Thus, our findings suggest that these compounds may act as tumour promoters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Inhibition of Cell‐Cell Communication by Commercial Chlorinated Paraffins in Rat Liver Epithelial IAR 20 Cells

Kato

Kenne

1996

Pharmacology & Toxicology

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“…The increasing usage of CP has made it important to study the biological properties of these chemicals, and in the last years considerable work has been done on their toxicity and environmental Send offprints requests to P. O. Darnerud at the above address * Present address: Institut fiir Toxikologie, Wilhelmstrasse 56, D-7400 Tiibingen, Federal Republic of Germany occurrence (Bengtsson et al 1979;Birtley et al 1980;Campbell and McConnell 1980;Madeley and Birtley 1980;Svanberg et al 1978;Svanberg and Lind6n 1979). However, information on the distribution and metabolism in different animal species is still limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Chlorinated paraffins: Disposition of a highly chlorinated polychlorohexadecane in mice and quail

1983

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Uniformly 14C-labelled 1-chloro-polychlorohexadecane (PCHD) of high chlorine content (69% w/w) was given to Japanese quail and to C57Bl mice perorally (p.o.) and intravenously (i.v.). The degradation of PCHD to 14CO2, measured during 8 h, was found to be minute (about 1% of dose) in both species after either route of administration. In mice 66 and 43% of dose was eliminated in the feces during 96 h following p.o. and i.v. administration, respectively; the urinary excretion was about 3% in both cases. In quail, the combined fecal and urinary excretion during 96 h after p.o. administration was 58% of dose. The autoradiographic distribution following p.o. administration showed some general similarities between mice and quail; high radioactivities were present in bile, liver, kidney, and intestinal contents up to 24 h after administration. In addition, in quail high radioactivity was present in the hypophysis, retina, blood, and egg yolk. In mice strong accumulation and retention was observed in the corpora lutea up to 30 days after administration. A long time retention in fat occurred in both species.

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“…The environmental and human toxicity of PBDE has been described in several publications [9][10][11][12][13] and more recent studies on enzymatic, hormonal and reproductive effects have been presented [14][15][16]. In addition, CP toxicity data have been reviewed in earlier documents [17][18][19], including the finding of tumours in liver, kidney and thyroid at very high CP doses [20]. However, there are rather few recent papers on CP toxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction study with rats given two flame retardants: polybrominated diphenyl ethers (Bromkal 70‐5 DE) and chlorinated paraffins (Cereclor 70L)

Lundstedt‐Enkel

Karlsson

Darnerud

2010

Journal of Chemometrics

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This study explored possible interaction effects on animal liver microsomal enzymes and thyroid hormones of two flame retardants: Bromkal 70-5 DE, a mixture of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (hereafter called PBDE); and Cereclor 70L, a mixture of chlorinated paraffins (hereafter called CP).Female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to these compounds in dose ranges of 1.3-18.7 mg/kg bw/day (PBDE) and 1-55 mg/kg bw/day (CP), by gavage for 14 days. Biological responses were measured on liver somatic index (LSI) and hepatic enzyme activity of (a) ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) (indicating CYP1A1 activity), (b) pentoxyresorufin-O-depentylase (PROD) (indicating CYP2B activity) and (c) the phase II conjugation enzyme uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase (UDP-GT). The levels of total and free thyroxine hormone in rat plasma (TT 4 and FT 4 , respectively) were also measured. In the experimental work, a Doehlert uniform shell design was used in order to select the combination of concentrations of PBDE and CP administered to the rats. Eight different combinations were used, including a control. The measured responses were modelled with multiple linear regression (MLR), giving response surface plots. The results showed strong synergism between the two flame retardants at one particular exposure combination, resulting in increased hepatic microsomal enzyme responses and decreased serum T 4 concentrations. Notably, the exposure combination causing the most marked effects represented intermediate doses of both substances. The mechanisms behind the observed effects are unknown, but may involve induction or inhibition of enzyme systems.

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The toxicological effects of chlorinated paraffins in mammals

Cited by 62 publications

References 8 publications

Inhibition of Cell‐Cell Communication by Commercial Chlorinated Paraffins in Rat Liver Epithelial IAR 20 Cells

Inhibition of Cell‐Cell Communication by Commercial Chlorinated Paraffins in Rat Liver Epithelial IAR 20 Cells

Chlorinated paraffins: Disposition of a highly chlorinated polychlorohexadecane in mice and quail

Interaction study with rats given two flame retardants: polybrominated diphenyl ethers (Bromkal 70‐5 DE) and chlorinated paraffins (Cereclor 70L)

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