The toxicological evaluation of the mycotoxins T-2 and T-2 tetraol using normal human fibroblasts in vitro

Oldham, James W.; Allred, Lawrence E.; Milo, George E.; Kindig, O.; Capen, C. C.

doi:10.1016/0041-008x(80)90255-0

Cited by 62 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Zhu et al (1987) observed a higher incidence of micronuclei in Chinese hamster fibroblast culture after exposure to T-2 toxin as well. In cultivated Chinese hamster hepatocytes T-2 toxin induced gene mutations, sister chromatide exchanges, and chromosomal aberrations (Oldham et al, 1980). Also, other authors observed the mutagenic effect of T-2 toxin in some cases only.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Combined effects of repeated low doses of aflatoxin B-1 and T-2 toxin on the Chinese hamster

Rajmon¹,

Sedmı́ková²,

Jílek³

et al. 2001

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:The aim of this work was to find out how repeated low doses of aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) and T-2 toxin would influence the Chinese hamster and if the amplifying of these effects would occur with the application of both toxins together. The animals were treated with 10 ml/kg of 7% dimethylsulfoxid (DMSO) in the control group (C), 1.0 mg/kg of AFB 1 in group A, 1.0 mg/kg of T-2 toxin in group T2, and 1.0 mg/kg of AFB 1 + 1.0 mg/kg of T-2 toxin in group T2/A. All mycotoxins were dissolved in 10 ml/kg of 7% DMSO. These doses were administered intragastrically twice a week for a period of three weeks. General health condition, histological picture of some internal organs, some biochemical blood serum indicators of liver and kidney functions, and leucogram were monitored. No differences in prosperity or weight gains appeared during the course of the experiment. The histological examination did not show any changes in the investigated organs in any experimental group. On the contrary, differences were found in the biochemical blood serum profile. ALT and AST activities decreased significantly in T2/A group animals compared with the other medicated groups (T2 -24.46 µkat/l; 45.18 µkat/l; A -18.17; 41.84; T2/A -4.74; 14.21). A similar decrease appeared in GMT activity as well, but it was significant only in comparison with the T2 group (T2 -0.6 µkat/l; T2/A -0.25). ALP activity was increased in the experimental groups compared with the control, significantly in the T2 group (C -5.0 µkat/l; T2 -6.92). LDH activity was lower in the T2 and T2/A groups, significantly when the T2/A group was compared with the A group (A -94.05 µkat/l;; T2/A -37.48). The cholesterol level was significantly increased in group A compared with the C and T2 groups. A smaller increase in the T2/A group was significant when compared with the T2 group as well (C -3.05 mmol/l; T2 -2.85; A -3.59; T2/A -3.27). Total and conjugated bilirubin concentrations decreased in group order A -C -T2 -T2/A, when differences among the A, T2 and T2/A groups were significant (T2 -1.0 mmol/l; 0.36 mmol/l; A -2.36; 0.85; T2/A -0.69; 0.21). A glycemia decrease in medicated groups was significant in the T2/A group, while it approached a significant level in the T2 group (C -10.46 mmol/l; T2 -9.01; T2/A -8.91). The main liver condition indicators seemed to be influenced by the T-2 toxin and AFB 1 combination more than by individually applied toxins. We assume the amplification of the mycotoxin effects on proteosynthesis. The ALT activity especially was probably influenced more than in the additive manner. All the medicated groups showed a significant increase in the monocyte percent count (T2 -9.8%; A -9.62; T2/A -8.85; C -6.65). The differences observed in other leucocyte types were not significant. There were no differences in the effects of individual mycotoxins and their combination on the leucogram level.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Combined effects of repeated low doses of aflatoxin B-1 and T-2 toxin on the Chinese hamster

Rajmon¹,

Sedmı́ková²,

Jílek³

et al. 2001

Vet. Med. - Czech

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“…Furthermore, in vivo T-2 toxin can induce polyploidy in Allium cepa (60), sex-linked recessive lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster (61), DNA single-strand breaks in thymus and spleen of BALB/c mouse (56), chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster bone marrow and mice (62,63), and DNA damage in chicken peripheral lymphocytes (64). According to the results of studies on the genotoxicity of T-2 toxin in vitro, T-2 toxin can induce DNA single-strand breaks in primary hematocytes, thymic and spleen lymphocytes of BALB/c mouse (56), gene mutations and sister chromatide exchange in Chinese hamster V79 fibroblasts (65)(66)(67)(68), formation of micronucleus in Chinese hamster V79 fibroblasts (67), unscheduled DNA synthesis in human fibroblasts (69), and inhibition of intercellular communication in Chinese hamster V79 cells (70). In addition, T-2 toxin and related mycotoxins can induce apoptosis in vitro (49,71,72) and in vivo in haematopoietic tissue, spleen, liver and intestinal crypts of mice (73)(74)(75)(76).…”

Section: Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

T-2 Toxin: Incidence and Toxicity in Poultry

Sokolović¹,

Garaj-Vrhovac²,

Šimpraga³

2008

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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T-2 toxin is the most toxic type A trichothecene mycotoxin. It is the secondary metabolite of the Fusarium fungi, and is common in grain and animal feed. Toxic effects have been shown both in experimental animals and in livestock. It has been implicated in several outbreaks of human mycotoxicoses. Toxic effects in poultry include inhibition of protein, DNA, and RNA synthesis, cytotoxicity, immunomodulation, cell lesions in the digestive tract, organs and skin, neural disturbances and low performance in poultry production (decreased weight gain, egg production, and hatchability). Concentrations of T-2 toxin in feed are usually low, and its immunosuppressive effects and secondary infections often make diagnosis difficult. If at the onset of the disease, a change in diet leads to health and performance improvements in animals, this may point to mycotoxin poisoning. Regular control of grain and feed samples is a valuable preventive measure, and it is accurate only if representative samples are tested. This article reviews the incidence and toxic effects of T-2 toxin in poultry.

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“…Toxic metabolites of Fusarium were responsible for a human disease outbreak (alimentary toxic aleukia) and have been implicated as the causative agent in many animal intoxica- tions (10). Trichothecenes such as T-2 toxin are cytostatic for unstimulated and mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes (11), fibroblasts (12), neoplastic cells such as HeLa cells (13), and transformed intestinal cells (14). In addition, Lefarge-Frayssinet et al (15) have shown that T-2 toxin induces severe damage to rat splenic cells in vitro.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of mycotoxins for the rat pulmonary macrophage in vitro.

Sorenson¹,

Gerberick²,

Lewis³

et al. 1986

Environ Health Perspect

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The presence of mycotoxins in grains is well documented. Workers in grain handling occupations are commonly exposed to grain dust aerosols. Work in our laboratory has shown that T-2 toxin is highly toxic to rat alveolar macrophages in vitro, causing loss of viability, release of radiolabeled chromium, inhibition of macromolecular synthesis, inhibition of phagocytosis, and inhibition of macrophage activation. Similarly, patulin caused a significant release of radiolabeled chromium, decrease in ATP levels, significant inhibition of protein and RNA synthesis, and inhibition of phagocytosis. The data show that both T-2 toxin and patulin are highly toxic to rat alveolar macrophages in vitro. The data further suggest that the presence of these mycotoxins in airborne respirable dust might present a hazard to exposed workers.

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The toxicological evaluation of the mycotoxins T-2 and T-2 tetraol using normal human fibroblasts in vitro

Cited by 62 publications

References 10 publications

Combined effects of repeated low doses of aflatoxin B-1 and T-2 toxin on the Chinese hamster

Combined effects of repeated low doses of aflatoxin B-1 and T-2 toxin on the Chinese hamster

T-2 Toxin: Incidence and Toxicity in Poultry

Toxicity of mycotoxins for the rat pulmonary macrophage in vitro.

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