The Toxicology of Bromide Ion

Leeuwen, F.X.R. van; Sangster, B.; Hildebrandt, Alfred G.

doi:10.3109/10408448709089861

Cited by 82 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…23 Br toxicity, resulting from the chronic use (and abuse) of Br-containing drugs, was first recognized in the 1920s. 24 Beginning in the late 1920s, reports in the medical literature described the signs and symptoms of Br toxicity, and the levels of Br in the blood necessary to produce them.…”

Section: -Bp and 2-bp Evaluation Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23 Patients with chronic Br intoxication may present with a variety of signs and symptoms. 24,28 In general, however, the earliest symptoms of Br toxicity are increasing agitation and irritability. 23,24 Subsequent clinical signs of Br toxicity vary depending upon the concentration of Br in the body and the time course of intoxication.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…24,28 In general, however, the earliest symptoms of Br toxicity are increasing agitation and irritability. 23,24 Subsequent clinical signs of Br toxicity vary depending upon the concentration of Br in the body and the time course of intoxication. Patients who are early in the course of Br toxicity may complain of drowsiness, weakness, confusion, agitation, slurring of speech, loss of interest in normal activities, decreased memory, and a decreased appetite.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Patients who are early in the course of Br toxicity may complain of drowsiness, weakness, confusion, agitation, slurring of speech, loss of interest in normal activities, decreased memory, and a decreased appetite. 23,24,28 As the intoxication becomes more chronic and as Br levels increase, patients may have more slurring of speech and increasing difficulty with their ability to speak clearly (dysarthria). 23,28,29 Persons with severe Br intoxication may ultimately develop a psychosis similar to schizophrenia, seizures, and stupor, delirium or coma.…”

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Health hazard evaluation report: HETA #99-0260-2906, Marx Industries, Inc., Sawmills, North Carolina.

2003

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This Health Hazard Evaluation (HHE) report and any recommendations made herein are for the specific facility evaluated and may not be universally applicable. Any recommendations made are not to be considered as final statements of NIOSH policy or of any agency or individual involved.Additional HHE reports are available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/reports This Health Hazard Evaluation (HHE) report and any recommendations made herein are for the specific facility evaluated and may not be universally applicable. Any recommendations made are not to be considered as final statements of NIOSH policy or of any agency or individual involved.Additional HHE reports are available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/reports applicable. Any recommendations made are not to be considered as final statements of NIOSH policy or of any agency or individual involved.Additional HHE reports are available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/reports ii PREFACEThe Hazard Evaluations and Technical Assistance Branch (HETAB) of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducts field investigations of possible health hazards in the workplace. These investigations are conducted under the authority of Section 20(a)(6) of the Occupational Safety and Health (OSHA) Act of 1970, 29 U.S.C. 669(a)(6) which authorizes the Secretary of Health and Human Services, following a written request from any employer or authorized representative of employees, to determine whether any substance normally found in the place of employment has potentially toxic effects in such concentrations as used or found.HETAB also provides, upon request, technical and consultative assistance to Federal, State, and local agencies; labor; industry; and other groups or individuals to control occupational health hazards and to prevent related trauma and disease. Mention of company names or products does not constitute endorsement by NIOSH. For the purpose of informing affected employees, copies of this report shall be posted by the employer in a prominent place accessible to the employees for a period of 30 calendar days. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND AVAILABILITY OF REPORTiv Highlights of the NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation Evaluation of Exposure to Spray Adhesive (1-bromopropane [1-BP])This Health Hazard Evaluation was requested by the North Carolina Department of Labor to address concerns about possible health problems related to working with a spray adhesive that contains the chemical 1-bromopropane [1-BP]. We also checked to see if Marx employees were exposed to arsenic. What NIOSH Did# We checked the air for 1-BP levels. # We took air, water, hand wipe, and surface dust samples to try to find any arsenic source.# We asked employees to fill out a questionnaire and participate in a medical survey.# We conducted a medical survey to see if exposure to 1-BP at Marx was causing problems with blood counts, nerve problems, and, for men, reproductive problems. What NIOSH Found# Employees on the spray lines were exposed to high levels of 1-BP.# The wall fans near spray tabl...

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Section: -Bp and 2-bp Evaluation Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Health hazard evaluation report: HETA #99-0260-2906, Marx Industries, Inc., Sawmills, North Carolina.

2003

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“…Demonstrating that these oxidative processes occur in vivo is a complex undertaking. Based on our studies, several approaches appear viable: a) demonstration of the presence of the more stable derivatives (e.g., 4-OH-2-FAA, 2-NO2F, o-BzO-2-FBA) ( Figure 1); b) characterization of both carcinogen-and oxidant-induced DNA damage in target tissues (e.g., peritoneal serosa); c) determination of the effect of increasing physiologic concentration of Br-, a significant environmental pollutant (36), on the tumorigenicity of the hydroxamic acids; and d) demonstration of the interaction products of the major metabolite 2-NOF with glutathione, protein, and unsaturated lipids. Because of the exceptional direct mutagenicity of 2-NOF in the bacterial systems (27), it especially merits investigation.…”

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Peroxidative metabolism of carcinogenic N-arylhydroxamic acids: implications for tumorigenesis.

Malejka-Giganti

Ritter

1994

Environ Health Perspect

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Peroxidative oxidations of chemical carcinogens including N-substituted aryl compounds could result in their metabolic activation because the products react with cellular molecules and lead to cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity. In vivo, peroxidative activities are chiefly of neutrophilic leukocyte origin. Neutrophils may be attracted to the site(s) of exposure to carcinogen and, via phagocytosis and respiratory burst, release oxidants that catalyze carcinogen activation and/or cause DNA damage. Our studies, presented herein, concern oxidations of carcinogenic N-arylhydroxamic acids, N-hydroxy-N-2-fluorenylacetamide (N-OH-2-FAA), and N-hydroxy-N-2-fluorenylbenzamide (N-OH-2-FBA), by enzymatic and chemical systems simulating those of neutrophils, myeloperoxidase and hydrogen peroxide (H202) ± halide, and hypohalous acid and halide at the physiologic concentrations (0.1 M Cl and/or 0.1 mM Br) and the pH (4-6.5) of phagocytosis. Studies also concern oxidations of the hydroxamic acids by rat peritoneal neutrophils stimulated to undergo respiratory burst and release myeloperoxidase in medium-containing 0.14 M Cl-± 0.1 mM Br-. The metabolites formed in the presence of exogenous H202 are consistent with two peroxidative mechanisms: one electron-oxidation to a radical that dismutates to equimolar 2-nitrosofluorene (2-NOF) and the ester of the respective hydroxamic acid and halide-dependent oxidative cleavage, especially efficient in the presence of Br, to equimolar 2-NOF and the respective acyl moiety. 2-NOF and the esters undergo further enzymatic and nonenzymatic conversions to unreactive products and/or may bind to cellular macromolecules. The results suggest that peroxidative metabolism of N-arylhydroxamic acids by neutrophils, yielding the potent direct mutagen 2-NOF and the electrophilic esters, occurs in vivo and is involved in the activation and thus local tumorigenicities of the hydroxamic acids at the site(s) of application.

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Antiseizure medications

Sanders¹

2015

Seizures in Dogs and Cats

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The Toxicology of Bromide Ion

Cited by 82 publications

References 97 publications

Health hazard evaluation report: HETA #99-0260-2906, Marx Industries, Inc., Sawmills, North Carolina.

Health hazard evaluation report: HETA #99-0260-2906, Marx Industries, Inc., Sawmills, North Carolina.

Peroxidative metabolism of carcinogenic N-arylhydroxamic acids: implications for tumorigenesis.

Antiseizure medications

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