The Toxicology Profile of the Anti-Inflammatory Drug Proquazone in Animals

Veterinary pharmacovigilance. Part 6. Predictability of adverse reactions in animals from laboratory toxicology studies

“…Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used in companion animals, particularly in dogs, for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders including osteoarthritis. The major adverse effects of NSAIDs in dogs treated therapeutically, and in many other species, including humans, is gastric ulceration, and this has been noted in dogs with a range of these agents including diclofenac, ibuprofen, indomethacin, aspirin, mofezolac, piroxicam, proquazone and naproxen (Stewart et al, 1980;Van Ryzin & Trapold, 1980;Roudebush & Morse, 1981;Boulay et al, 1986;Stephenson, 1988;Yeats, 1988;Ohkubo et al, 1990;Jackson et al, 1991;Spellman, 1992;Vollmar, 1993;Poortinga & Hungerford, 1998;Ramesh et al, 2002). These effects are well known (McCormack & Brune, 1987), and are due to loss of cytoprotection due to inhibition of prostaglandins, a side-effect of their mode of action (Kore, 1990;Vollmar, 1993;Waller et al, 2001).…”

“…These adverse gastrointestinal effects of NSAIDs have been seen in laboratory animals including rats (Bolte et al, 1980;Van Ryzin & Trapold, 1980;Elliott et al, 1988) and so preclinical studies can be entirely predictive for this type of effect with these drugs.…”

“…Like the gastrointestinal effects of NSAIDs, the renal effects have been noted in laboratory species such as rats (Bolte et al, 1980;Van Ryzin & Trapold, 1980) and so again these have predictive value for adverse effects that might come to light during therapeutic use in animals.…”

Veterinary pharmacovigilance. Part 3. Adverse effects of veterinary medicinal products in animals and on the environment

“…Gastric effects are the major adverse drug reaction associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The major effect is gastric ulceration resulting from inhibition of prostaglandins and loss of cytoprotection (Bolte et al, 1980;Stewart et al, 1980;Van Ryzin & Trapold, 1980;Roudebush & Morse, 1981;Boulay et al, 1986;Elliott et al, 1988;Kore, 1990;Ohkubo et al, 1990;Spellman, 1992;Vollmar, 1993;Knight et al, 1996;Hawkey, 1999;Bertolini et al, 2001;Boothe, 2001;Lee & Morris, 2001;Waller et al, 2001;Ramesh et al, 2002;Neiger, 2003;Tjälve, 2003). Some of these drugs may also cause disruption of thyroid function in dogs (Daminet & Ferguson, 2003).…”