The trabecular meshwork: Structure, function and clinical implications. A review of the literature

Buffault, Juliette; Labbé, Antoine; Hamard, P.; Brignole‐Baudouin, Françoise; Baudouin, Christophe

doi:10.1016/j.jfo.2020.05.002

Cited by 90 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…This differs from the ultrastructure of the TM described in patients with PG. 1 , 2 , 4 , 11 , 12 Further study is necessary to determine how these pigment particles enter the cells in DBA/2J mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an important component of the aqueous drainage structures, the TM is composed of microtubular structures that form connections, with gaps of varying sizes in between. 11 , 12 The diameters and contractility of these microtubules and gaps determine their maximum passing capacity. Based on our preliminary research, we speculated that there is a maximum permeable diameter (MPD) for pigment particles to pass all the way through the TM via the aqueous convection current.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Distribution of Pigment Particles in Aqueous Drainage Structures in a DBA/2J Mouse Model of Pigmentary Glaucoma

Zhou

et al. 2022

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Purpose To characterize the distribution of pigment particles in aqueous drainage structures of DBA/2J mice with different intraocular pressure (IOP) levels. Methods DBA/2J mice were monitored from 9 to 44 weeks of age. IOP measurements were performed periodically. At 12, 20, 28, and 36 weeks, three mice were randomly selected for each time point and divided into three IOP groups. The morphology, size, and quantity of pigment particles in aqueous drainage structures were determined via transmission electron microscopy combined with ImageJ-based analysis. Between-group differences were evaluated with a one-way analysis of variance and Fisher's least significant difference test. Results In the anterior chamber, 74.2% (187/252) of pigment particles were round (diameter range, 0.20–0.73 µm), and 25.8% (65/252) were oval (length range, 0.35–1.20 µm ). In the high-IOP group (IOP≥15 mmHg), pigment particles in the trabecular meshwork (TM) were more abundant and larger in size than those in the normal-IOP group ( P <0.001). All separate pigment particles in the TM of the high-IOP group were >0.4 µm in size. The diameters of round (IOP≤10 mmHg, 0.44±0.13 µm; IOP between 10 and 15 mmHg, 0.57±0.13 µm; IOP≥15 mmHg, 0.61±0.12 µm) and the lengths of oval (0.65±0.14 µm vs. 0.77±0.12 µm vs. 0.88±0.15 µm, respectively) pigment particles in the TM differed among groups ( F =27.258 and F =27.295, respectively; both P <0.001). No such differences were discovered in the iris and around Schlemm's canal ( P >0.05). Conclusions In DBA/2J mice, large and medium pigment particles (>0.4 µm) seem to play an important role in causing aqueous outflow obstruction and IOP elevation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Pigment Particles in Aqueous Drainage Structures in a DBA/2J Mouse Model of Pigmentary Glaucoma

Zhou

et al. 2022

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…POAG is an chronic, multifactorial optic neuropathy characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons resulting in gradual loss of peripheral vision [1,16]. The trabecular meshwork (TM), a fenestrated structure located within the iridocorneal angle, is the main pathway for aqueous humour drainage and its dysfunction is largely responsible for IOP elevation [17,18]. The lamina cribrosa (LC), a mesh-like connective tissue structure at optic nerve head through which unmyelinated RGC axons pass as they exit the eye, is a key site of RGC axonal injury in POAG [19,20].…”

Section: Primary Open Angle Glaucomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Metformin and Glaucoma—Review of Anti-Fibrotic Processes and Bioenergetics

Hurley

Irnaten

O’Brien

2021

Cells

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Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally. With an aging population, disease incidence will rise with an enormous societal and economic burden. The treatment strategy revolves around targeting intraocular pressure, the principle modifiable risk factor, to slow progression of disease. However, there is a clear unmet clinical need to find a novel therapeutic approach that targets and halts the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration that occurs with fibrosis. RGCs are highly sensitive to metabolic fluctuations as a result of multiple stressors and thus their viability depends on healthy mitochondrial functioning. Metformin, known for its use in type 2 diabetes, has come to the forefront of medical research in multiple organ systems. Its use was recently associated with a 25% reduced risk of glaucoma in a large population study. Here, we discuss its application to glaucoma therapy, highlighting its effect on fibrotic signalling pathways, mitochondrial bioenergetics and NAD oxidation.

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“…1A). TM locates within iridocorneal angle and is the main pathway for drainage of aqueous humor [28]. In 1954, Barany found that perfusion of aqueous outflow system with testicular hyaluronidase (degrading enzyme for GAGs) could increase facility of outflow [29].…”

Section: Possible Pathogenesis Of Glaucoma In Mpssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glaucoma in mucopolysaccharidoses

Kong

Zhang

Cheng³

et al. 2021

Orphanet J Rare Dis

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Mucopolysaccharidoses are a group of lysosomal storage disorders that are caused by deficiency of enzymes involved in glycosaminoglycans degradation. Due to low prevalence and high childhood mortality, researches on mucopolysaccharidoses were mainly focused on the fatal manifestations. With the development of treatments, more and more mucopolysaccharidoses patients were treated by approved therapies, thereby getting prolonged life span and improved quality of life. Abnormal accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in the eye may block trabecular meshwork, thicken sclera and change mechanical behavior of lamina cribrosa, which, by increasing intraocular pressure and damaging optic nerve, could cause glaucoma. Glaucoma was the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, but it was rarely reported in mucopolysaccharidoses patients. Although non-fatal, it seriously affected quality of life. Prevalence of glaucoma in mucopolysaccharidoses patients (ranged from 2.1 to 12.5%) indicated that glaucoma in patients with mucopolysaccharidoses was worthy of attention and further study, thereby improving the quality of life for MPSs patients.

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The trabecular meshwork: Structure, function and clinical implications. A review of the literature

Cited by 90 publications

References 115 publications

Distribution of Pigment Particles in Aqueous Drainage Structures in a DBA/2J Mouse Model of Pigmentary Glaucoma

Distribution of Pigment Particles in Aqueous Drainage Structures in a DBA/2J Mouse Model of Pigmentary Glaucoma

Metformin and Glaucoma—Review of Anti-Fibrotic Processes and Bioenergetics

Glaucoma in mucopolysaccharidoses

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