The trade-off between density and other objectives: A re-examination of planning norms

Borukhov, Eli

doi:10.1007/bf00212580

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Borukhov (1978) and Lawson, (2015) argue that density is a central concept in residential environments and has far-reaching effects on many aspects of quality of life. Residential density affects quality of life in urban areas in many direct and indirect ways.…”

Section: Research Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Building density has a complex relationship with urban morphology; it plays an important role in the shaping of urban form (Cheng, 2010b). Density is believed to have far-reaching effects on many aspects of quality of life (Borukhov, 1978). Urban density may affect inhabitants negatively but can also have very positive implications in the urban environment, such as accumulation of good schools, cultural infrastructure, diverse commercial, business and workplaces opportunities and other services thought to contribute to the high quality of the urban habitat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The association between perceived density in minimum apartments and spatial openness index three-dimensional visual analysis

Fisher-Gewirtzman

2016

Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science

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Small apartments exist in dense cities worldwide. Developing adequate quality small apartments in city centres would strongly attract current demand. Analysis, predictive tools and design concepts regulated for better interior design and lower perceived density would provide residential environments with happier tenants. This research evaluates perceived density and visual privacy in alternative minimum apartments based on the spatial openness index three-dimensional visibility analysis, i.e. their accumulated three-dimensional visibility calculations. The compatibility of the spatial openness index concept as predicting perceived density in minimum apartments was examined and assessed. An empirical study was conducted using a virtual reality experiment in a controlled environment – An immersive three-dimensional visualisation laboratory1, with more than 100 subjects participated in the experiment. Significant relations were found between perceived density and visual privacy for all apartments (single and double story). The measured volume of visible space from the door viewpoint (the entrance to minimum apartments) and the perceived density evaluated there by participants, and a general evaluation for the apartment are strongly related for both (single and double story groups). Strong correlation was found between visibility measurements from the door and the ‘visual privacy’ at the sofa/bed. According to assessment results the spatial openness index three-dimensional visibility analysis can predict the perceived density of minimum apartments.

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Section: Research Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between perceived density in minimum apartments and spatial openness index three-dimensional visual analysis

Fisher-Gewirtzman

2016

Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science

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“…Many urban inhabitants even choose to live in dense city environments, in order to benefit from the advantages afforded by culture, education and service infrastructures. High density increases choices of shops, schools and other services (Borukhov, 1978). Yet, when people return home to their neighbourhoods, they expect a comfortable space providing them privacy and a low ‘perceived density’.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, when people return home to their neighbourhoods, they expect a comfortable space providing them privacy and a low ‘perceived density’. Density is a central concept in planning and architecture (Rapoport, 1975) and a central concept in the description and design of cities and residential environments (Borukhov, 1978). Residential density influences the quality of life in urban environments in many ways, direct and indirect (Borukhov, 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrating ‘weighted views’ to quantitative 3D visibility analysis as a predictive tool for perception of space

Fisher-Gewirtzman

2016

Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science

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The ability to predict the human perception of space in dense urban environments would have a vast impact on planning and design processes. Many analytical models, methods and tools have been developed to describe and predict human perception and behaviour in the urban environment, and academic papers have addressed the issue of the view in urban environments as a significant variant influencing perception and quality of life. In the present paper, we introduce the integration of weighted views (the relative impact of a view on a viewer) in a 3D Line of Sight visibility analysis as a predictive tool for perceptions of space focusing on ‘perceived density’. The integration of subjective qualitative information with objective measurements of the volume of visible space may bring evaluations closer to human perceptions of space. The research background consists of state-of-the-art visibility analysis and research concerned with the impact of the view on perceptions of space. An experiment in a visualization laboratory explored the relative impact of various views on the ‘perceived density’ and ‘visual privacy’ of 100 participants. The relative weight of each view presented to the subjects was based on the statistical results of the experiment. The weights were integrated into the 3D Line of Sight visibility analysis and the model is applied in a case study. The integrated 3D Line of Sight visibility analysis currently runs with off-the-shelf software available to all practicing architects and planners. It is expected that in the near future, the tool developed in this work will become an important aid to all practitioners, the method becoming a valuable evaluation tool in planning and design processes. Considering design alternatives, it may become a stepping stone for design principles and regulations.

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On the study of the psychological effects of blocked views on dwellers in high dense urban environments

Chung

Lin

Chau

et al. 2022

Landscape and Urban Planning

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The trade-off between density and other objectives: A re-examination of planning norms

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

The association between perceived density in minimum apartments and spatial openness index three-dimensional visual analysis

The association between perceived density in minimum apartments and spatial openness index three-dimensional visual analysis

Integrating ‘weighted views’ to quantitative 3D visibility analysis as a predictive tool for perception of space

On the study of the psychological effects of blocked views on dwellers in high dense urban environments

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