The Transactional Distance Theory and Distance Learning Contexts: Theory Integration, Research Gaps, and Future Agenda

Abstract

Moore established transactional distance theory (TDT) to grasp transactional distance in the context of distance learning. Research using TDT in distance, open, and online learning environments has been undertaken. However, there are information gaps about what constitutes progress, future directions, and research deficits pertaining to TDT in the context of distance education. This systematic literature review (SLR) used PRISMA to analyze 42 papers to close the knowledge gap. Currently, TDT research in distance learning integrates various theories and models; nevertheless, there is a movement toward acceptance models and how to incorporate more relevant theories within the framework of distance learning. Future studies should integrate other aspects such as student motivation, student acceptance of technology, and student preparedness and desire to utilize technology in learning environments. As most research samples students, a research gap involving instructors and heterogeneous groups is proposed. It is projected that quantitative research will predominate in the future, leaving qualitative and mixed approaches as areas of investigation. This review illuminates the developments, future agenda, and research needs pertaining to TDT in the context of distance learning. It might serve as a foundation for future study on TDT in the context of distance, open, and online education.

Exploring the Relationship of Social Support with Expectancy and Value in Online Foreign Language Learning

“…There is no doubt that there is also a lack of interesting and interactive ICT-based support learning materials (Gomez et al, 2023). Numerous studies and researches highlight on the impact of online learning but less emphasis on social factors involving motivation during online classes (Abuhassna & Alnawajha, 2023;Diwakar et al, 2023;Dong et al, 2023;Fernández Da Lama & Brenlla, 2023;Fowler, n.d.;Gómez et al, 2023;Istijanto, 2023;Liu, 2023;Mannella & Tummolini, 2023;Meisner & McKenzie, 2023;Mendoza et al, 2023;Nong et al, 2023;Swain et al, 2021). Hence, this study is significant in order to seek solutions to the issues which have affected students' academic achievement in today's technology-based education.…”

Evaluation of Teacher-Student Interaction

“…As online learning environments have evolved, researchers have increasingly focused on ways to enhance teaching quality and learning experiences by optimizing interactions. In this context, Abuhassna and Alnawajha (2023) conducted a thorough critical review of the existing literature, identifying research gaps and proposing areas for future research, such as student motivation and the integration of varied study groups. These recommendations emphasize the need for recognizing and enhancing the diverse interaction patterns between professors and students, essential for creating a more inclusive and engaging online learning environment.…”

Empowering SSC Learners with Disability at Bangladesh Open University through Open and Distance Learning

“…Two different theoretical frameworks-Transactional Distance Theory by Michael G. Moore (Abuhassna & Alnawajha, 2023) and Connectivism by George Siemens and Stephen Downes-have been employed in this study. The dynamic interaction between learner autonomy, structural design, and dialogue in the context of distance learning is made clear by Transactional remote Theory.…”