“…The homeobox transcription factor hoxb1 is a known regulator of r4 identity (Studer et al, 1996; McClintock et al, 2002) and positively regulates fgf3 expression in r4 (Waskiewicz et al, 2002; Choe et al, 2011; Weicksel et al, 2014). GATA2 and GATA3 specify r4 identity downstream of Hoxb1 in the mouse hindbrain (Pata et al, 1999), and GATA4 mediates fgf3 upregulation upon retinoic acid-induced differentiation of F9 embryonal carcinoma cells into parietal endoderm (Murakami et al, 1999), a cell type which also expresses hoxb1 (Boylan et al, 1993). In a screen for downstream effectors of zebrafish hoxb1b , the protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit ppp1r14al , a potential regulator of GATA activity, was found to positively regulate fgf3 expression in r4 (Choe et al, 2011) Intriguingly, Plzf binds the mouse GATA4 regulatory region and upregulates its expression in heart cells (Wang et al, 2012b).…”