“…Of these, we assessed the expression profiles of genes that can be regulated by the changes of cellular chemical environment, including pathways regulated by ion-dependent transcription factors, osmotic stress and pH. Compared with cells without condensates, cells with condensates upregulated the expression of all genes in Mg ++ transporter pathways (mgt, mgr, bor gene clusters ), which are known to be activated when Mg ++ is limiting (65), as well as three of four genes under control of the Na + -dependent transcription factor NhaR (66,67). A set of genes involved in osmotic stress response (e.g., rrrD, psp, ybd, bet, aqp gene clusters and stress response sigma factor rpoE) (68)(69)(70)(71) were also upregulated in cells with condensates.…”