The transfer of 239/240Pu to cow milk

Review of Russian language studies on radionuclide behaviour in agricultural animals: part 2. Transfer to milk

“…The longer term nature of many of the studies of natural radionuclide transfer to cow milk reported here may explain the tendency for higher F m values than some of those previously available from relatively short-term studies. For many radionuclides with long biological half-lives an equilibrium F m value is unlikely to ever be attained and this will need to be addressed in making recommendations within the revision of the IAEA TRS 364 document (see also discussion on F m values for Pu transfer to cow milk in Howard et al, 2007). The studies reviewed in this paper will aid this assessment.…”

Radionuclide transfer to animal products: revised recommended transfer coefficient values

“…The only exception to the approaches described to derive F m/f values was the Pu F m for cow milk which was taken from the critical review of Howard et al (2007b). Source information for the database included F m and F f values derived from:…”

Verification of radionuclide transfer factors to domestic-animal food products, using indigenous elements and with emphasis on iodine

“…In the nuclear context, contamination arises from the dispersion of radionuclides in the environment, and these subsequently transfer from water, soil and air into food products. To evaluate radionuclide contamination of agriculture, extensive research has been done to measure substrate-to-food transfer factors (Beresford et al, 2000(Beresford et al, , 2006a(Beresford et al, ,b, 2008Fesenko et al, 2007aFesenko et al, ,b, 2009aHoward et al, 2007aHoward et al, ,b, 2009aVandecasteele et al, 2000;and citations therein). However, almost all of this work was done one radionuclide at a time and often in artificial experimental settings.…”