The transfer of environmental contaminants (Brominated and Chlorinated dioxins and biphenyls, PBDEs, HBCDDs, PCNs and PFAS) from recycled materials used for bedding to the eggs and tissues of chickens

Fernandes, Alwyn; Lake, Iain; Dowding, Alan; Rose, Martin; Jones, Natalia R.; Smith, Frankie; Panton, Sean

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164441

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The remainder (90% of the dose) was not retrieved by the authors. Fernandes et al (2023) exposed chickens to different recycled bedding materials (shredded cardboard, dried paper sludge, shawings recycling woods at concentrations 223, 420 and 0.36 μg/kg, respectively) and measured the concentration of total PBDEs (sum of BDE-28, -47, 99, -100, -153, -154, -183 and -209) in liver, muscles, skin and eggs. The authors found that the greatest amounts of total PBDEs were in the liver, except for dried paper sludge where the greatest amounts were found in muscles.…”

Section: Transfer Of Pbdes In Food-producing Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update of the risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food

Schrenk,

Bignami,

Bodin

et al. 2024

EFS2

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The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2011 risk assessment on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food, focusing on 10 congeners: BDE‐28, ‐47, ‐49, ‐99, ‐100, ‐138, ‐153, ‐154, ‐183 and ‑209. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the neurodevelopmental effects on behaviour and reproductive/developmental effects are the critical effects in rodent studies. For four congeners (BDE‐47, ‐99, ‐153, ‐209) the Panel derived Reference Points, i.e. benchmark doses and corresponding lower 95% confidence limits (BMDLs), for endpoint‐specific benchmark responses. Since repeated exposure to PBDEs results in accumulation of these chemicals in the body, the Panel estimated the body burden at the BMDL in rodents, and the chronic intake that would lead to the same body burden in humans. For the remaining six congeners no studies were available to identify Reference Points. The Panel concluded that there is scientific basis for inclusion of all 10 congeners in a common assessment group and performed a combined risk assessment. The Panel concluded that the combined margin of exposure (MOET) approach was the most appropriate risk metric and applied a tiered approach to the risk characterisation. Over 84,000 analytical results for the 10 congeners in food were used to estimate the exposure across dietary surveys and age groups of the European population. The most important contributors to the chronic dietary Lower Bound exposure to PBDEs were meat and meat products and fish and seafood. Taking into account the uncertainties affecting the assessment, the Panel concluded that it is likely that current dietary exposure to PBDEs in the European population raises a health concern.

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Section: Transfer Of Pbdes In Food-producing Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update of the risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food

Schrenk,

Bignami,

Bodin

et al. 2024

EFS2

Self Cite

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“…Figure 1 shows the lifecycle of the emissions from PFAS from their origin at production sites to subsequent uses and product end-life disposal and waste recycling, including the exposure pathways to environmental and human health. PFAS also have been found in recycled bedding materials used in poultry farms, whereby these chemicals have subsequently made their way into the eggs and tissues of chickens entering the food market (Fernandes et al, 2023). Consequently, the presence of PFAS in products recovered from former waste could deeply affect safe and sustainable feed and food production in a circular economy approach.…”

Section: Pfas Reach Restriction Proposalmentioning

confidence: 99%

In light of the new legislation for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, can continued food sustainability be achieved?

Senovilla-Herrero,

Moore,

Service

et al. 2024

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of persistent organic pollutants which pose significant risks to human health and the environment. This article comprehensively examines the implications of new legislation concerning PFAS for food sustainability. The current legislative frameworks governing PFAS in food production and distribution are explored, highlighting the need for robust mitigation strategies to safeguard food safety and environmental integrity. It delves into the challenges posed by the legislation, raising questions about the balance between environmental protection and the sustainability of the food system. It provides a review of the state-of-the-art analytical methods for PFAS detection and quantification in water and food matrices. Their advantages and limitations are discussed, offering valuable insights for researchers in the field. In addition, a range of mitigation strategies to combat PFAS contamination in the food supply chain are explored. By collating current knowledge on PFAS contamination in sustainable food systems, this article aims to provide a comprehensive resource for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners striving to ensure the safety and sustainability of our global food supply. The integration of legislative insights, advanced analytical techniques, and practical mitigation approaches offers a holistic perspective on managing PFAS-related challenges in the context of sustainable food systems.

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“…Mixtures of PBDEs contain significant amounts of PBDD/Fs, especially PBDFs [ 19 ]. Moreover, during recycling processes, new PBDD/Fs can be formed [ 20 , 21 ]. There is only a limited number of studies describing the occurrence of brominated dioxins in food and feed [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brominated Dioxins in Egg, Broiler, and Feed Additives: Significance of Bioassay-Directed Screening for Identification of Emerging Risks in Food

Dirks,

Gerssen,

Weide

et al. 2024

Foods

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Food authorities aim to safeguard our food. This requires sensitive analyses to guarantee detection of both banned and regulated substances at low concentrations. At the same time, broad screening methods are needed to identify new emerging risks. For this purpose, effect-based bioassays combined with mass spectrometric analyses offer an advantage. During the regular monitoring of dioxins in agricultural products, a discrepancy was observed between the results of the DR CALUX (Dioxin-Responsive Chemical Activated Luciferase gene Expression) bioassay and the confirmatory gas chromatographic high resolution mass spectrometric (GC-HRMS) analysis in egg and broiler fat samples. The response in the bioassay was high, suggesting a clear exceedance of the maximum limits of dioxins in these samples, yet regulated dioxins or dl-PCBs were not detected by GC/HRMS analysis. Ultimately, a broad screening analysis using GC-HRMS resulted in the identification of 2,3,7,8-tetrabromo-dibenzofuran (2,3,7,8-TBDF) in both egg and broiler fat. To investigate the potential source of this brominated furan contaminant, different samples were analyzed: bedding material, poultry feed, feed additives (choline chloride and l-lysine), and seaweed. The poultry feed and feed additives all contained 2,3,7,8-TBDF. Using a feed-to-food transfer model, it became clear that the poultry feed was probably the source of 2,3,7,8-TBDF in broilers and eggs through a feed additive like L-lysine or choline chloride. This study underlines the importance of using a combination of effect-based screening assays with sensitive analytical methods to detect potential new and emerging risks.

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The transfer of environmental contaminants (Brominated and Chlorinated dioxins and biphenyls, PBDEs, HBCDDs, PCNs and PFAS) from recycled materials used for bedding to the eggs and tissues of chickens

Cited by 8 publications

References 49 publications

Update of the risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food

Update of the risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food

In light of the new legislation for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, can continued food sustainability be achieved?

Brominated Dioxins in Egg, Broiler, and Feed Additives: Significance of Bioassay-Directed Screening for Identification of Emerging Risks in Food

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