The Transfer of Heat and Hydrophobic Substances During Burning

Debano, L. F.; Savage, S. M.; Hamilton, Douglas A.

doi:10.2136/sssaj1976.03615995004000050043x

Cited by 211 publications

(119 citation statements)

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“…Severe heating of soil breaks down the structures of the inorganic parent materials, destabilizing soil structure (52). Fire creates hydrophobic layers within the soil structure, decreasing water infiltration and increasing soil erosion by water runoff (2,15). Nutrient transformations occur when excessive heat is applied to soils.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Wildfire and Harvest Disturbances on Forest Soil Bacterial Communities

Smith

Kishchuk

Mohn

2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

141

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Wildfires and harvesting are important disturbances to forest ecosystems, but their effects on soil microbial communities are not well characterized and have not previously been compared directly. This study was conducted at sites with similar soil, climatic, and other properties in a spruce-dominated boreal forest near Chisholm, Alberta, Canada. Soil microbial communities were assessed following four treatments: control, harvest, burn, and burn plus timber salvage (burn-salvage). Burn treatments were at sites affected by a large wildfire in May 2001, and the communities were sampled 1 year after the fire. Microbial biomass carbon decreased 18%, 74%, and 53% in the harvest, burn, and burn-salvage treatments, respectively. Microbial biomass nitrogen decreased 25% in the harvest treatment, but increased in the burn treatments, probably because of microbial assimilation of the increased amounts of available NH 4 ؉ and NO 3 ؊ due to burning. Bacterial community composition was analyzed by nonparametric ordination of molecular fingerprint data of 119 samples from both ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) and rRNA gene denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. On the basis of multiresponse permutation procedures, community composition was significantly different among all treatments, with the greatest differences between the two burned treatments versus the two unburned treatments. The sequencing of DNA bands from RISA fingerprints revealed distinct distributions of bacterial divisions among the treatments. Gamma-and Alphaproteobacteria were highly characteristic of the unburned treatments, while Betaproteobacteria and members of Bacillus were highly characteristic of the burned treatments. Wildfire had distinct and more pronounced effects on the soil microbial community than did harvesting.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Wildfire and Harvest Disturbances on Forest Soil Bacterial Communities

Smith

Kishchuk

Mohn

2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

141

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“…This response could be attributed to the different temperature reached on the soil surface during the fire . Laboratory studies showed that fire can enhance SWR at temperatures of 175-200 °C and destroy this feature above 270-600 °C, depending on heat duration and oxygen availability but irrespective of soil type (DeBano et al 1976, Doerr et al 2004, Bryant et al 2005.…”

Section: Post-fire Runoff and Erosion In Andosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-fire soil hydrology, water erosion and restoration strategies in Andosols: a review of evidence from the Canary Islands (Spain)

Neris¹,

Cerezal²,

Doerr³

et al. 2016

iForest

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Andosols are the most characteristic soils of volcanic regions such as the forested, fire-prone, hillslopes of the mountainous Canary Islands (Spain). Due to their volcanic nature, these soils have traditionally been considered highly resistant to water erosion processes in undisturbed conditions, but are also highly susceptible to environmental disturbances. In addition, volcanic terrains often underlie heavily-populated, steep areas where torrential rains are frequent, increasing the threat to the population and infrastructures downslope. Numerous hydrological and erosional catastrophic events in disturbed Andosols in the Canary Islands and worldwide, leading to major losses to lives and properties, have been historically and recently reported. The impact of environmental alterations such as land use change on hydrological and erosional response of Andosols has been widely studied in the Canary Islands and worldwide. However, the effect on this soil type of wildfires, generally considered one of the main geomorphological agents, and historically connected to the forested fire-prone Andosols of the islands, has had scant attention to date. This review seeks to redress this knowledge gap by: (i) evaluating the factors affecting the susceptibility of Andosols to catastrophic hydrological and erosional events; (ii) summarizing the published studies on the impact of fire and the post-fire response of this soil type and the specific restoration measures developed to date; and (iii) identifying research gaps and suggesting new lines of investigation in order to reduce the hydrological and erosional risks in these particular terrains.

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“…Temperaturas entre 175-207ºC intensifican la repelencia al agua y mayores la destruyen (DeBano et al, 1976). Sin embargo, las temperaturas alcanzadas en el suelo y su duración durante un incendio no suelen ser homogéneas y dependen de varios factores, principalmente de: la distribución, densidad y tipo de vegetación; la cantidad de materia orgánica, textura y humedad del suelo; la topografía, orientación y las condiciones climáticas durante el incendio (Neary et al, 1999).…”

Section: Variabilidad Espacial De La Repelencia Al Agua a Micro Escalaunclassified

“…Estudios de laboratorio muestran que la repelencia al agua se intensifica a temperaturas entre 175 y 270ºC, pero se destruye a temperaturas por encima de 270 hasta 400ºC (según el tiempo de combustión) . Esto es debido a cambios en la estructura de las moléculas orgánicas durante la combustión (Savage et al, 1972), y a que las sustancias orgánicas hidrofóbicas se volatilizan durante el calentamiento desplazándose en profundidad según el gradiente de temperatura, hasta que se condensan a pocos centímetros bajo de la superficie (DeBano et al, 1976). Independientemente de si ha ocurrido un incendio forestal, la repelencia al agua se asocia a la presencia de diversas especies vegetales, pero no se puede asumir que éstas siempre induzcan repelencia al agua ni actúen con la misma intensidad.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Repelencia al agua en suelos forestales afectados por incendios y en suelos agrícolas bajo distintos manejos y abandono

Bodí

Cerdà

Mataix‐Solera

et al. 2013

CIG

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RESUMEN. La repelencia al agua del suelo puede condicionar la cantidad de agua disponible en el suelo, la generación de escorrentía y los procesos geomorfológicos. Este estudio cuantifica la repelencia al agua del suelo durante los meses de verano de 2008 y 2009 en zonas forestales afectadas por el fuego en diferentes años y en suelos bajo distintos manejos agrícolas utilizando el test del Tiempo dePalabras clave: hidrofobicidad, materia orgánica, no labrado, incendio forestal, manejo agrícola.

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The Transfer of Heat and Hydrophobic Substances During Burning

Cited by 211 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Wildfire and Harvest Disturbances on Forest Soil Bacterial Communities

Effects of Wildfire and Harvest Disturbances on Forest Soil Bacterial Communities

Post-fire soil hydrology, water erosion and restoration strategies in Andosols: a review of evidence from the Canary Islands (Spain)

Repelencia al agua en suelos forestales afectados por incendios y en suelos agrícolas bajo distintos manejos y abandono

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