The transformation of mackinawite into greigite studied by Raman spectroscopy

Bourdoiseau, Jacques-André; Jeannin, Marc; Rémazeilles, C.; Sabot, R.; Refait, Philippe

doi:10.1002/jrs.2729

Cited by 124 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Moreover, other similar spectra were also measured for marcasite by Mernagh and Trudu (1993), who observed peaks at 324 and 387 cm . In contrast, however, the spectrum determined on the Nakhla sulfide crystal here is not very similar to that for greigite measured by Bourdoiseau et al (2011), which instead reveals two major peaks at 350 and 365 cm -1 , nor is it similar to precursor minerals such as mackinawite, which has two major peaks at 296 and 207 cm -1 , as measured by these same authors.…”

Section: Chemical Analysis and Raman Spectroscopy Of Nearby Mineral Pcontrasting

confidence: 95%

A Conspicuous Clay Ovoid in Nakhla: Evidence for Subsurface Hydrothermal Alteration on Mars with Implications for Astrobiology

Chatzitheodoridis

Haigh

Lyon³

2014

Astrobiology

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A conspicuous biomorphic ovoid structure has been discovered in the Nakhla martian meteorite, made of nanocrystalline iron-rich saponitic clay and amorphous material. The ovoid is indigenous to Nakhla and occurs within a late-formed amorphous mesostasis region of rhyolitic composition that is interstitial to two clinopyroxene grains with Al-rich rims, and contains acicular apatite crystals, olivine, sulfides, Ti-rich magnetite, and a new mineral of the rhoenite group. To infer the origin of the ovoid, a large set of analytical tools was employed, including scanning electron microscopy and backscattered electron imaging, wavelength-dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray mapping, Raman spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis, high-resolution transmission electron microscope imaging, and atomic force microscope topographic mapping. The concentric wall of the ovoid surrounds an originally hollow volume and exhibits internal layering of contrasting nanotextures but uniform chemical composition, and likely inherited its overall shape from a preexisting vesicle in the mesostasis glass. A final fibrous layer of Fe-rich phases blankets the interior surfaces of the ovoid wall structure. There is evidence that the parent rock of Nakhla has undergone a shock event from a nearby bolide impact that melted the rims of pyroxene and the interstitial matter and initiated an igneous hydrothermal system of rapidly cooling fluids, which were progressively mixed with fluids from the melted permafrost. Sharp temperature gradients were responsible for the crystallization of Al-rich clinopyroxene rims, rhoenite, acicular apatites, and the quenching of the mesostasis glass and the vesicle. During the formation of the ovoid structure, episodic fluid infiltration events resulted in the precipitation of saponite rinds around the vesicle walls, altered pyrrhotite to marcasite, and then isolated the ovoid wall structure from the rest of the system by depositing a layer of iron oxides/hydroxides. Carbonates, halite, and sulfates were deposited last within interstitial spaces and along fractures. Among three plausible competing hypotheses here, this particular abiotic scenario is considered to be the most reasonable explanation for the formation of the ovoid structure in Nakhla, and although compelling evidence for a biotic origin is lacking, it is evident that the martian subsurface contains niche environments where life could develop.

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Section: Chemical Analysis and Raman Spectroscopy Of Nearby Mineral Pcontrasting

confidence: 95%

A Conspicuous Clay Ovoid in Nakhla: Evidence for Subsurface Hydrothermal Alteration on Mars with Implications for Astrobiology

Chatzitheodoridis

Haigh

Lyon³

2014

Astrobiology

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“…2b as an example, the peaks at 207 and 284 cm −1 are characteristic of nanocristalline FeS [24]. The peaks at 253 and 315 cm −1 are also related to mackinawite and indicate that the compound is slightly oxidized, with Fe(III) cations partially substituting for Fe(II) cations in the crystal structure of mackinawite [24,34]. This slight oxidation of nanocristalline mackinawite is more likely due to the reaction with oxygen (of air) during Raman analysis.…”

Section: Small Carbon Steel Coupon (A) At Ocpmentioning

confidence: 85%

Localized corrosion of carbon steel in marine media: Galvanic coupling and heterogeneity of the corrosion product layer

Grolleau²,

et al. 2016

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“…The use of bulk methods, like XRD, for mineralogical characterization will remove ambiguities inherent in elemental ratio analyses such as EDS. Besides XRD, Raman spectroscopy is a powerful method for the identification of sulfide minerals No precipitates at the cell surface visible in SEM images Benning et al, 1999 (Continued) Frontiers in Earth Science | www.frontiersin.org (White, 2009), as well as for the distinction between different various compositions of mackinawite and greigite (Bourdoiseau et al, 2008(Bourdoiseau et al, , 2011. Synchrotron X-ray methods, such as X-ray microscopy coupled to XAS may provide details about the microbe-mineral interface at the microscale that are overlooked in bulk studies (Templeton and Knowles, 2009).…”

Section: Unresolved Questions and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Do We Really Know about the Role of Microorganisms in Iron Sulfide Mineral Formation?

2016

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Iron sulfide mineralization in low-temperature systems is a result of biotic and abiotic processes, though the delineation between these two modes of formation is not always straightforward. Here we review the role of microorganisms in the precipitation of extracellular iron sulfide minerals. We summarize the evidence that links sulfur-metabolizing microorganisms and sulfide minerals in nature and we present a critical overview of laboratory-based studies of the nucleation and growth of iron sulfide minerals in microbial cultures. We discuss whether biologically derived minerals are distinguishable from abiotic minerals, possessing attributes that are uniquely diagnostic of biomineralization. These inquiries have revealed the need for additional thorough, mechanistic and high-resolution studies to understand microbially mediated formation of a variety of sulfide minerals across a range of natural environments.

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The transformation of mackinawite into greigite studied by Raman spectroscopy

Cited by 124 publications

References 44 publications

A Conspicuous Clay Ovoid in Nakhla: Evidence for Subsurface Hydrothermal Alteration on Mars with Implications for Astrobiology

A Conspicuous Clay Ovoid in Nakhla: Evidence for Subsurface Hydrothermal Alteration on Mars with Implications for Astrobiology

Localized corrosion of carbon steel in marine media: Galvanic coupling and heterogeneity of the corrosion product layer

What Do We Really Know about the Role of Microorganisms in Iron Sulfide Mineral Formation?

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