The transformation of maternal mortality.

Loudon, Irvine

doi:10.1136/bmj.305.6868.1557

Cited by 77 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Um declínio acentuado foi verificado nos anos seguintes, atingindo, em 1960, menos de 50 mortes por 100.000 nascidos vivos. 2 Tal fato não aconteceu em países em desenvolvimento, de tal forma que a quase totalidade das mortes maternas vem ocorrendo justamente nesses países. 3,4 A World Health Organization (WHO), em conjunto com o United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), estimou para o ano de 1990 um total de 585.000 e para 2000 cerca de 529.000 mortes maternas no mundo, sendo 99% dessas em países do chamado "Terceiro Mundo" 5,6 o que sugere a morte materna como um indicador sensível das desigualdades sociais mundialmente existentes.…”

Section: Mortalidade Maternaunclassified

“…Destaca-se que não há outro indicador de saúde pública que mostre maior disparidade entre os países, em função de sua riqueza e desenvolvimento, que a mortalidade materna. 7 Contudo, ainda segundo Loudon, 2 [19][20][21][22][23] A descrição das condições patológicas apresentadas por essas pacientes tem apontado algumas causas principais, que são as doenças hipertensivas e hemorragias, além das infecções e suas complicações. 20,21,[23][24][25][26][27] Com isso, há autores que apóiam o estudo das pacientes obstétricas admitidas em UTI, como refletindo um grupo próximo àquele das mortes maternas.…”

Section: Mortalidade Maternaunclassified

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Sistemas de informação em saúde e monitoramento de morbidade materna grave e mortalidade materna

Sousa

Cecatti

Hardy

et al. 2006

Rev. Bras. Saude Mater. Infant.

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Section: Mortalidade Maternaunclassified

Sistemas de informação em saúde e monitoramento de morbidade materna grave e mortalidade materna

Sousa

Cecatti

Hardy

et al. 2006

Rev. Bras. Saude Mater. Infant.

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“…This pattern was common to other advanced countries and was due mainly to the low standards of maternal care provided by birth attendants (Loudon (1992b)). 13 What led to this remarkable improvement in maternal health starting in the 1930s?…”

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Health and the Baby Boom

Albanesi

Olivetti

2010

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. We propose a novel explanation for this boom-bust pattern, linking it to the huge improvements in maternal health that started in the mid-1930s. Our hypothesis is that the improvements in maternal health contributed to the mid-twentieth century baby boom and generated a rise in women's human capital, ultimately leading to a decline in desired fertility for subsequent cohorts. To examine this link empirically, we exploit the large cross-state variation in the magnitude of the decline in pregnancy-related mortality and the differential exposure by cohort. We find that the decline in maternal mortality is associated with a rise in fertility for women born between 1921 and 1940, with a rise in college and high school graduation rates for women born in 1933-1950 relative to previous cohorts, and with a decline in fertility for women born in 1941-1950 relative to those born in [1921][1922][1923][1924][1925][1926][1927][1928][1929][1930][1931][1932][1933][1934][1935][1936][1937][1938][1939][1940]. The analysis provides new insights on the determinants of fertility in the United States and other countries that experienced similar improvements in maternal health. Terms of use: Documents in

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“…In ancient Rome, for example, rough (conservative) estimates suggest that there were 25 maternal deaths [4] and 300 infant deaths [4,5], respectively, for every 1,000 live births, not dissimilar to 18th century England [4]. In 1920, maternal mortality varied widely among countries, with rates ranging from 2.42 per 1,000 in the Netherlands to 6.89 per 1,000 in the United States [6]. By 1960, maternal mortality rates were down to 0.37 per 1,000 births in both countries [6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1920, maternal mortality varied widely among countries, with rates ranging from 2.42 per 1,000 in the Netherlands to 6.89 per 1,000 in the United States [6]. By 1960, maternal mortality rates were down to 0.37 per 1,000 births in both countries [6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive Epidemiology in an Evolutionary Perspective: Why Bigger May Not Be Better

Basso

2014

Curr Epidemiol Rep

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Pregnancy and childbirth have been shaped by natural selection, and some reproductive endpoints, such as preterm birth and low birth weight, may be understood differently by considering our history. Mothers, whose very survival is threatened by pregnancy and childbirth, appear to play a crucial role in determining length of gestation and size of the baby. Having smaller babies may thus have conferred an advantage to mothers, despite the increased risk to individual offspring. Furthermore, it is unknown how much of the excess mortality risk of small and preterm babies is due to preterm birth and low birth weight per se, rather than to pathological factors that reduce birth weight and length of gestation. The apparently paradoxical phenomenon of intersecting mortality curves can be explained in this framework, which may shed a different light on these two central entities in perinatal epidemiology.

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The transformation of maternal mortality.

Cited by 77 publications

References 7 publications

Sistemas de informação em saúde e monitoramento de morbidade materna grave e mortalidade materna

Sistemas de informação em saúde e monitoramento de morbidade materna grave e mortalidade materna

Maternal Health and the Baby Boom

Reproductive Epidemiology in an Evolutionary Perspective: Why Bigger May Not Be Better

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