The Transformation of the Urban Housing System in China

Tong, Zhong; Hays, R. Allen

doi:10.1177/107808749603100503

Cited by 42 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…16. The market price of a housing unit is a price covering all expenses, taxes and pro ts for the transaction and construction of the unit (Tong and Hays, 1996). The cost price is a subsidised price, only including costs of land acquisition and compensation, complete construction costs, interest on loans and taxes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Housing Tenure Choice in Transitional Urban China: A Multilevel Analysis

2002

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Summary. Using a 1996 national survey of housing in China and a multilevel modelling technique, we examine housing tenure choice in transitional urban China where households have been granted limited freedom of choice in the housing market since the housing reforms of 1988. We nd that both market mechanisms and institutional forces affect households' tenure choice in urban China. While some socioeconomic factors such as age, household size, household income and housing price have similar effects on tenure choice as in the West, others such as the number of workers and marital status have rather different effects. In addition, factors characterising institutional relationships among the state, work units and households, such as hukou, job rank and work unit rank, still play important roles in tenure choice.Since the 1980s, most socialist economies have been in a process of transition and studies of transitional economies have become major topics in economics, geography, sociology and political science. Compared with the 'shock therapy' in eastern European countries and the USSR, the transition in China has been gradual and evolutionary (McMillan and Naughton, 1996). As part of the transition to a market economy, housing reform in urban China was launched nationwide in 1988. It aims to introduce market mechanisms to a heavily subsidised housing system and to transform housing from a welfare good to a commodity. To ensure a smooth transition, a dual system with 'new policies for the new housing stock, old methods for the old housing stock' (xin fang xin zhi du, lao fang lao bai fa) has been central to housing policies (State Council, 1998). While a housing market is emerging, the socialist forces in the housing system-such as the housing subsidies by work units-persist. It is this side-by-side combination of market mechanisms and institutional forces that creates the transitional nature of China's current housing system and sets a unique context within which households make tenure choices.Urban households in China, who had few housing choices but to wait for subsidised rental housing (also 'public housing', gong fang) in the socialist era, now have choices regarding both housing type and

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Housing Tenure Choice in Transitional Urban China: A Multilevel Analysis

2002

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“…Existing studies trying to answer the above questions have been mainly through a review of macro-aspects of the housing system in China, such as the housing policies (Wang & Murie, 1999a, 1999b, housing consumption (Li, 2007), or an assessment of Chinese housing reform (Tong & Hays, 1996). Although the work by some scholars has contributed to demonstrate that the institutional factors are unique to affect Chinese housing consumption and residential crowding (Huang & Clark, 2002;Huang, 2004), there has been much less empirical analysis on urbanization and migration determinants of Chinese urban housing market growth at the microlevel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One decade of urban housing reform in China: Urban housing price dynamics and the role of migration and urbanization, 1995–2005

Chen

Guo

2011

Habitat International

238

122

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“…Recent urban housing reforms also are a gradual process, and there is still a long way to go before the allocation of housing is controlled by the market (Bian et al 1997;Tong and Hays 1996;Wang 2001;Zhang 2000;Zhou and Logan 1996;Zhu 2000). The changing mode of housing provision is complicated by the old institutions-work units, in particular-that still retain some of their role in social redistribution.…”

Section: Migration Reforms and Housing In Chinese Citiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migrant Housing in Urban China

2002

Urban Affairs Review

249

161

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China's recent waves of internal migration, primarily rural to urban, reflect a rapidly urbanizing society undergoing a transition from a planned to a market economy. The author addresses two key questions: what access migrants have to urban housing and how migrant housing conditions compare with those of the locals. The main findings are based on citywide housing surveys and interviews conducted in Shanghai and Beijing, as well as results from official surveys. Interpretations of migrant housing patterns in urban China need to be linked with the country's unique institutional factors, particularly the circulating nature of migration, the existing household registration system, and the transitioning state of the urban housing market. Restricted access to urban housing, together with the temporary status for migrants, contributes to their poor housing conditions. Population mobility, primarily in the form of circulating migration, has increased significantly in China since 1983. A transient population of about three million now lives in both Beijing and Shanghai, according to the cities' official 1997 surveys of "floating population," 1 and the majority is regarded as labor migrants. Both surveys also show that about half a million migrants have lived in each city for more than three years. For many migrants, urban life is precarious-lack of shelter, low and uncertain earnings, and worsened living conditions. For some, city experience also is an eye opener-increased

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The Transformation of the Urban Housing System in China

Cited by 42 publications

References 14 publications

Housing Tenure Choice in Transitional Urban China: A Multilevel Analysis

Housing Tenure Choice in Transitional Urban China: A Multilevel Analysis

One decade of urban housing reform in China: Urban housing price dynamics and the role of migration and urbanization, 1995–2005

Migrant Housing in Urban China

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