The Transgenerational Consequences of the Armenian Genocide

Abstract

Genocide has shaped human experience throughout history and is one of the greatest challenges of the twenty-first century. Palgrave Studies in the History of Genocide is dedicated to the study of this phenomenon across its entire geographic, chronological and thematic range. The series acts as a forum to debate and discuss the nature, the variety, and the concepts of genocide. In addition to histories of the causes, course, and perpetration of genocide, the series devotes attention to genocide's victims, its aftermaths and consequences, its representation and memorialization, and to genocide prevention. Palgrave Studies in the History of Genocide encompasses both comparative work, which considers genocide across time and space, and specific case studies.

Diasporas and Collective Remittances: From State-Driven to Unofficial Forms of Diaspora Engagement

“…There are approximately 7 million 7 Armenians living outside Armenia, with the largest populations concentrated in Russia, the United States, France, Argentina, Lebanon, Syria, Iran, Turkey, Canada, Ukraine, Greece, and Australia (Kalantaryan 2017). The academic literature on the Armenian diaspora in the Netherlands is small (Galstyan 2014; Holslag 2018), but it indicates that the current Dutch-Armenian diaspora developed after the Second World War as a result of mixed migration flows. Relatively small waves of Armenians arrived in the Netherlands from Indonesia in the 1940s, from Greece between 1950 and the 1980s, and from Iran between 1950 and 1985 (Holslag 2018).…”

“…The academic literature on the Armenian diaspora in the Netherlands is small (Galstyan 2014; Holslag 2018), but it indicates that the current Dutch-Armenian diaspora developed after the Second World War as a result of mixed migration flows. Relatively small waves of Armenians arrived in the Netherlands from Indonesia in the 1940s, from Greece between 1950 and the 1980s, and from Iran between 1950 and 1985 (Holslag 2018). One of the largest groups of Armenians in the Netherlands migrated from Turkey between 1960 and the 1970s, due to guest-worker agreements (Holslag 2018).…”

“…Relatively small waves of Armenians arrived in the Netherlands from Indonesia in the 1940s, from Greece between 1950 and the 1980s, and from Iran between 1950 and 1985 (Holslag 2018). One of the largest groups of Armenians in the Netherlands migrated from Turkey between 1960 and the 1970s, due to guest-worker agreements (Holslag 2018). In the mid-1990s, a number of Armenians from Lebanon, Iraq, and Syria arrived in the Netherlands as refugees of the First Gulf War (Holslag 2018).…”

“…One of the largest groups of Armenians in the Netherlands migrated from Turkey between 1960 and the 1970s, due to guest-worker agreements (Holslag 2018). In the mid-1990s, a number of Armenians from Lebanon, Iraq, and Syria arrived in the Netherlands as refugees of the First Gulf War (Holslag 2018). After the Soviet Union's collapse, another major group of Armenians arrived in the Netherlands, with the majority designated as asylum-seekers due to the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan and poor economic conditions in Armenia (Galstyan 2014).…”

Transgenerational Trauma and Mental Health Needs among Armenian Genocide Descendants

“…In this context, Armenians feel a sense of responsibility to maintain cultural and linguistic roots, and, therefore, collectively may feel the same sense of cultural bereavement. Among Armenians, this fear for loss of culture or “becoming White” has been colloquially named the “սպիտակ ջարդ” or the “սպիտակ ցեղասպանություն”, which translates to the “White break” or the “White Genocide” [ 31 ]. This term refers to the loss of Armenian culture while dispersed descendants assimilate in the diaspora that reside in Western countries.…”