The transition between lit and unlit sections of road and detection of driving hazards after dark

Fotios, Steve; Cheal, C; Fox, Sam; Uttley, Jim

doi:10.1177/1477153517725775

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A sustainable response to the problem would be to limit the glare, not to add additional ambient light. Fotios et al recently showed that a factor of 20 increase in lighting (from 0.1 to 2 cd/m 2 ) has almost no impact on reaction times [30], a further indication that it is high time to re-evaluate the evidence base for current norms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in outdoor lighting in Germany from 2012-2016

Kyba

Kuester

Kuechly

2017

IJSL

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Changes in the total lit area and the radiance of stably lit area in the German federal states from 2012-2016 were investigated using satellite observations from the Day-Night Band of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite. Most states increased in both lit area and radiance. The lit area of Bayern and Schleswig-Holstein grew most rapidly, but it is possible that their large increases are to some extent driven by a darker than usual observation in 2012. Thüringen was dramatically different from the other states, with an annual decrease in lit area, and in the radiance of stably lit areas. The rates of change measured from 2012-2015 and 2013-2016 are strongly correlated with each other (Pearson's ρ=0.67, p=0.01). In most states, least squares fits for the rate of change match the rate calculated as a ratio of 2016 to 2012. These results are therefore consistent with the hypothesis that the changes in observed radiance are due to lighting change, but this should be verified in the future when longer time series are available. Due to the (500-900 nm) spectral response of the satellite, transitions from high pressure sodium to LED street lighting that preserve total lumen output are be expected to be observed as a decrease in radiance. Since such decreases are not observed in most states, the observations of increasing light emissions in most states are not indicative of a national transition toward sustainable lighting. In addition to these results, this paper discusses the role of remotely sensed nighttime data within the context of sustainable lighting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in outdoor lighting in Germany from 2012-2016

Kyba

Kuester

Kuechly

2017

IJSL

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“…Once this is possible, adding light serves no useful purpose, but only wastes energy (see e.g. [30,31]). There is room for a philosophical discussion about whether decorative architectural lighting should ever be considered sustainable, as it is not strictly required (for example to ensure public safety).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the environmental footprint of church lighting: matching façade shape and lowering luminance with the EcoSky LED

Kyba

Mohar

Pintar

et al. 2018

IJSL

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In rural areas of Europe, ornamental lighting, and particularly church lighting, is often among the most important sources of light emissions from communities. In current practice of façade lighting for churches, much of the produced light misses the target area, and façade luminance is often far larger than is necessary. This results in a dramatic waste of electrical energy and significant light pollution for the surrounding areas. This article discusses the concept of sustainability with regards to cultural heritage lighting, within the context of the façade lighting of a specific church. The lighting of the Church of the Three Kings in Logatec, Slovenia was replaced in 2014. The power of the installation was reduced 96% from 1.6 kW to 58 W, and spill light from the site was effectively eliminated. As a result, the church is no longer visible in nighttime satellite images of the area, indicating a reduction of waste light from the site of at least a factor of 30. This example demonstrates the dramatic extent to which more general application of lighting design principles could reduce energy consumption and light pollution in the rural European context.

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“…The brake-or-accelerate response used by Akashi et al 7 was a choice response. Similarly, Fotios et al 9,10 used two response buttons, a foot switch to indicate detection of a static object on the road surface and a steering wheel button to indicate detection of a vehicle ahead changing lane.…”

Section: Response Modementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In two studies, participants were recruited from two different age groups (18-30 years and 40-70 years) and found mixed results about the effect of age 9,10 : while neither study found any differences in younger and older drivers' RT to respond to the peripheral hazards, one 9 found that older drivers were worse at detecting a road surface obstacle compared to younger drivers.…”

Section: Driver Agementioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of distraction, response mode and age on peripheral target detection to inform studies of lighting for driving

Fotios

Robbins

Fox

et al. 2020

Lighting Research & Technology

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It is expected that the detection of peripheral objects, a key visual task for safe driving, is affected by cognitive distraction, by observer age and by the manner in which action is undertaken following detection. An experiment was conducted to measure these effects, using a fixation cross and peripheral target discs displayed on a screen. The experiment was repeated with young (18–25 years) and old (60+years) age groups, with six distraction tasks, and with simple and choice response modes. The older group was found to respond more slowly than the younger group and detected fewer targets. The results suggest that distraction impairs detection, with the degree of impairment depending on the difficulty of the distraction task. Participants were generally slower at responding with choice response but this did not lead to a greater number of missed targets. Where lighting standards are informed by the ability to detect peripheral hazards, the research should represent older people, choice responses and impaired detection due to distraction.

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The transition between lit and unlit sections of road and detection of driving hazards after dark

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Changes in outdoor lighting in Germany from 2012-2016

Changes in outdoor lighting in Germany from 2012-2016

Reducing the environmental footprint of church lighting: matching façade shape and lowering luminance with the EcoSky LED

The effect of distraction, response mode and age on peripheral target detection to inform studies of lighting for driving

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