The transition from implicit to explicit representations in incidental learning situations: more evidence from high-frequency EEG coupling

Wessel, Jan R.; Haider, Hilde; Rose, Michael

doi:10.1007/s00221-011-2982-7

Cited by 31 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Singer (2011) adds, “brain states compatible with conscious processing should be characterized by a high degree of synchrony” (p. 43). Similar conclusions about the role of high frequencies in consciousness are found in the literature (e.g., Crick and Koch, 1990; Engel and Singer, 2001; Meador et al, 2002; Jung-Beeman et al, 2004; Doesburg et al, 2005; Aru and Bachmann, 2009; Doesburg et al, 2009; Uhlhaas et al, 2009; Hameroff, 2010; Wessel et al, 2012). Most recently, with the use of more sensitive technologies, the hypothesis was supported by Panagiotaropoulos et al (2012), who examined activities of the lateral prefrontal cortex of the macaque.…”

Section: Neurodynamicssupporting

confidence: 89%

The olfactory system as the gateway to the neural correlates of consciousness

et al. 2014

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How consciousness is generated by the nervous system remains one of the greatest mysteries in science. Investigators from diverse fields have begun to unravel this puzzle by contrasting conscious and unconscious processes. In this way, it has been revealed that the two kinds of processes differ in terms of the underlying neural events and associated cognitive mechanisms. We propose that, for several reasons, the olfactory system provides a unique portal through which to examine this contrast. For this purpose, the olfactory system is beneficial in terms of its (a) neuroanatomical aspects, (b) phenomenological and cognitive/mechanistic properties, and (c) neurodynamic (e.g., brain oscillations) properties. In this review, we discuss how each of these properties and aspects of the olfactory system can illuminate the contrast between conscious and unconscious processing in the brain. We conclude by delineating the most fruitful avenues of research and by entertaining hypotheses that, in order for an olfactory content to be conscious, that content must participate in a network that is large-scale, both in terms of the neural systems involved and the scope of information integration.

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Section: Neurodynamicssupporting

confidence: 89%

The olfactory system as the gateway to the neural correlates of consciousness

et al. 2014

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“…In that easier situation, about 50% of participants discovered the rule, and differences between rule-discoverers and non-discoverers did not exist from the very start but rather developed during task performance (cf. also Wessel, Haider, & Rose, 2012). Rose et al (2010) found that awareness for the regularity was preceded in rule-discoverers by an increase in neural activity Returning to our task, it is of interest that these group differences were visible in ERPs evoked in the first block even though response times for entering the responses with each pair did not differ between groups in the first block, F ≤ 1.3, ns, for effects of Group and Response Position × Group in ANOVA on the first block (thin lines in Figure 5).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into sleep's role for insight: Studies with the number reduction task

Verleger¹,

Rose²,

Wagner³

et al. 2013

ACP

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in recent years, vibrant research has developed on "consolidation" during sleep: to what extent are newly experienced impressions reprocessed or even restructured during sleep? we used the number reduction task (nrt) to study if and how sleep does not only reiterate new experiences but may even lead to new insights. in the nrt, covert regularities may speed responses. this implicit acquisition of regularities may become explicitly conscious at some point, leading to a qualitative change in behavior which reflects this insight. By applying the nrt at two consecutive sessions separated by an interval, we investigated the role of sleep in this interval for attaining insight at the second session. in the first study, a night of sleep was shown to triple the number of participants attaining insight above the base rate of about 20%. in the second study, this hard core of 20% discoverers differed from other participants in their task-related eeg potentials from the very beginning already. in the third study, the additional role of sleep was specified as an effect of the deep-sleep phase of slow-wave sleep on participants who had implicitly acquired the covert regularity before sleep. it was in these participants that a specific increase of eeg during slow-wave sleep in the 10-12 hz band was obtained. these results support the view that neuronal memory reprocessing during slow-wave sleep restructures task-related representations in the brain, and that such restructuring promotes the gain of explicit knowledge. AbstrAct Keywords

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“…Instead of accumulating strength via feedback about the correctness of predictions, explicit attributional search processes result in sudden insights following the unexpected occurrence of predictive behavior. In an SRT task these sudden insights are characterized by an abrupt drop in the reaction times (Haider and Rose, 2007; Haider et al, 2011) as well as an increased coupling of gamma-band activity between the right prefrontal and occipital regions (Rose et al, 2010; Wessel et al, 2012). Hence, according to the UEH, consciousness about the sequence is not seen as a gradual matter, relying on a slow strengthening of associations on a trial-by trial basis, as proposed by single-system views or Cleeremans' hybrid model (Cleeremans, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emergence of Explicit Knowledge in a Serial Reaction Time Task: The Role of Experienced Fluency and Strength of Representation

Esser

Haider

2017

Front. Psychol.

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The Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT) is an important paradigm to study the properties of unconscious learning processes. One specifically interesting and still controversially discussed topic are the conditions under which unconsciously acquired knowledge becomes conscious knowledge. The different assumptions about the underlying mechanisms can contrastively be separated into two accounts: single system views in which the strengthening of associative weights throughout training gradually turns implicit knowledge into explicit knowledge, and dual system views in which implicit knowledge itself does not become conscious. Rather, it requires a second process which detects changes in performance and is able to acquire conscious knowledge. In a series of three experiments, we manipulated the arrangement of sequential and deviant trials. In an SRTT training, participants either received mini-blocks of sequential trials followed by mini-blocks of deviant trials (22 trials each) or they received sequential and deviant trials mixed randomly. Importantly the number of correct and deviant transitions was the same for both conditions. Experiment 1 showed that both conditions acquired a comparable amount of implicit knowledge, expressed in different test tasks. Experiment 2 further demonstrated that both conditions differed in their subjectively experienced fluency of the task, with more fluency experienced when trained with mini-blocks. Lastly, Experiment 3 revealed that the participants trained with longer mini-blocks of sequential and deviant material developed more explicit knowledge. Results are discussed regarding their compatibility with different assumptions about the emergence of explicit knowledge in an implicit learning situation, especially with respect to the role of metacognitive judgements and more specifically the Unexpected-Event Hypothesis.

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The transition from implicit to explicit representations in incidental learning situations: more evidence from high-frequency EEG coupling

Cited by 31 publications

References 35 publications

The olfactory system as the gateway to the neural correlates of consciousness

The olfactory system as the gateway to the neural correlates of consciousness

Insights into sleep's role for insight: Studies with the number reduction task

The Emergence of Explicit Knowledge in a Serial Reaction Time Task: The Role of Experienced Fluency and Strength of Representation

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